Words or terms that appear in an insurance policy in boldface print include

We know. Reading an insurance policy isn’t exactly like curling up with a good book. It’s a fairly complex document that tries to explain all the things you’re covered for, and what’s excluded when a loss occurs. 

Although insurance companies now provide more simplified policy information, you still need to review the document carefully to make sure you understand your insurance policy. Here’s how.

The common parts of an insurance policy include:

Insurance declarations page

The policy declarations page – often called the “dec(k) page” – is basically the first page of the policy package. This page states who is insured and the time period the policy provides coverage. It also gives the general information such as a description of what’s insured, the coverages and primary coverage limits.

Definitions

This section gives you the definitions of words and phrases you’ll see in the policy. For example: “motor vehicle” and “deductible” are two terms often found in an auto policy. Such defined words may appear in bold print throughout the policy. You can also browse Nationwide’s insurance glossary for any unclear terms you’re looking for.

Coverages

This section describes the specific insurance provided. It lists what property is covered and for what damages. For example, a boat owner's policy may cover direct physical loss or damage to the boat and motor, portable equipment and other specified property. It can also provide liability coverage. 

Exclusions

These describe the coverage limits or how coverage may be eliminated depending on how a loss occurs. Insurers may allow policyholders to buy back coverage for some exclusions for additional premium (see endorsements below). For example, earthquake coverage may be excluded for people who live in an area where earthquakes are unlikely to happen. However, if a customer would feel more comfortable with the coverage, they could buy it back.

Limits and special limits

This section explains how much the insurer pays for particular losses or types of property. So while something is covered, it may only be covered up to a specific dollar amount or for a limited percentage of the entire loss.

Conditions

This section tells you what the insurer’s responsibilities are, and what your responsibilities are as the customer. This includes how to cancel a policy, transfer of rights or duties, and payment plans. 

Duties after a loss

This area gives guidance on what to do when a loss occurs. It includes notifying your insurer as soon as practical, notifying the police if appropriate and protecting your property from further damage.

Endorsements

This area defines optional coverages available for additional premium. An insurance endorsement may change your policy so that it better fits your needs. Amendatory endorsements may also be added by the insurance company (at no extra cost) to clarify policy terms and language.

It is important to understand that multi-peril policies may have specific exclusions and conditions for each type of coverage, such as collision coverage, medical payment coverage, liability coverage, and so on. You will need to make sure that you read the language for the specific coverage that applies to your loss.

The Declaration Page

This page is usually the first part of an insurance policy. It identifies who is the insured, what risks or property are covered, the policy limits, and the policy period (i.e. time the policy is in force).

For example, the Declarations Page of an automobile policy will include the description of the vehicle covered (e.g. make/model, VIN number), the name of the person covered, the premium amount, and the deductible (the amount you will have to pay for a claim before an insurer pays its portion of a covered claim).

Similarly, the Declarations Page of a life insurance policy will include the name of the person insured and the face amount of the life insurance policy (e.g. $25,000, $50,000, etc.).

The Insuring Agreement

This is a summary of the major promises of the insurance company and states what is covered. In the Insuring Agreement, the insurer agrees to do certain things such as paying losses for covered perils, providing certain services, or agreeing to defend the insured in a liability lawsuit. There are two basic forms of an insuring agreement:

• Named–perils coverage, under which only those perils specifically listed in the policy are covered. If the peril is not listed, it is not covered.
• All–risk coverage, under which all losses are covered except those losses specifically excluded. If the loss is not excluded, then it is covered. Life insurance policies are typically all-risk policies.

The Exclusions

Exclusions take coverage away from the Insuring Agreement. The three major types of Exclusions are:

• Excluded perils or causes of loss
• Excluded losses
• Excluded property

Typical examples of excluded perils under a homeowners policy are flood, earthquake, and nuclear radiation. A typical example of an excluded loss under an automobile policy is damage due to wear and tear. Examples of excluded property under a homeowners policy are personal property such as an automobile, a pet, or an airplane.

The Conditions 

Conditions are provisions inserted in the policy that qualify or place limitations on the insurer’s promise to pay or perform. If the policy conditions are not met, the insurer can deny the claim. Common conditions in a policy include the requirement to file a proof of loss with the company, to protect property after a loss, and to cooperate during the company’s investigation or defense of a liability lawsuit.

Definitions 

Most policies have a Definitions section, which defines specific terms used in the policy. It may be a stand-alone section or part of another section. In order to understand the terms used in the policy, it is important to read this section.

Endorsements and Riders

An insurer may change the language or coverage of a policy at the time of the policy renewal. Endorsements and Riders are written provisions that add to, delete, or modify the provisions in the original insurance contract. In most states, the insurer is required to send you a copy of the changes to your policy. It is important that you read all Endorsements or Riders so you understand how your policy has changed and if the policy is still adequate to meet your needs.

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