Program graphically present the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem
Question 40 Show
Multiple Choice Question 40Program ________ graphically present the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem.
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Terms in this set (174)"A ________ is a list of instructions for the computer to follow to accomplish the task of processing data into information. Program "The list of instructions for
the computer to follow to process data into information. Program "The program's objectives, outputs, inputs, and processing requirements are determined during this step. Program Specification "Program objectives, desired outputs, needed inputs, and processing requirements are all recorded in this. Program Specifications Document "These consist of logically related programming statements. Modules "This is an outline of the logic of the program you will write. Pseudocode "Identify the programming tool that uses symbols to show the sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem. Program Flowcharts "In this logic structure, one program statement follows another. Sequential "In this logic structure, the outcome of the decision determines which of the two paths to follow. IF-THEN-ELSE "This logic structure involves repeating a sequence as long as a certain condition remains true. Loop "One of the best ways to code effective programs is to write so-called ________ programs, using the sequential, selection, or
repetition logic structures. Structured "This is the process of testing and eliminating errors in a program. Debugging "This type of error could be the result of the programmer making
an incorrect calculation. Logic "This is testing a program by a select group of potential users. Beta testing "This consists of written descriptions and procedures about a program and
how to use it. Documentation "As much as 75 percent of the total lifetime cost for an application program is spent on this. Maintenance "Which of the following refers to tools that are used
to provide some assistance in designing, coding, and testing software? CASE "This type of software development focuses less on the procedures and more on defining the relationships between previously defined procedures. Object-Oriented "These first-generation languages are hard to use, with one of the reasons being that they are different depending on the make of the computer. Machine "These second-generation languages use abbreviations or mnemonics that are automatically converted to the appropriate sequence of 1s and 0s. Assembly "These third-generation languages are designed to express the logic that can solve general problems. Procedural "A compiler ________. Converts the source code into a machine language code "An interpreter ________. Converts the source code into machine language code then runs the object code "Fifth-generation languages (5GLs) incorporate the concepts of which of the following? Artificial intelligence "This type of language uses natural languages to allow humans to communicate more directly to a computer. Problem And Constraint "Programming
is also called ________ development. Software "________ programming techniques consist of top-down program design, pseudocode, flowcharts, and logic structures. Structured "Time cards
containing statements of hours worked are an example of ________ data. Input "The defining of tasks that are required for input data to be processed into output is part of the ________ step. Processing requirements "Using structured programming techniques, the program's processing steps can be identified using ________ program design. Top-Down "________ is (are) an outline of the logic of the program that will be written. Pseudocode "Sequential is a type of ________ structure in which one program statement follows another. Logic "The ________ structure occurs when a decision must be made. Selection "The repetition, or ________ structure, describes a process that may be repeated as long as a certain condition remains true. Loop "Program ________ graphically present the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem. Flowcharts "IF-THEN-ELSE is also known as a ________ structure, one of the types of logic structures. Selection "One of the six steps of programming is writing the program, also called ________. Coding "A ________ error occurs when the programmer uses an incorrect calculation or leaves out a programming procedure. Logic "A ________ error is a violation of the rules of the programming language. Syntax "Proofreading a printout of a program is known as desk checking or code ________. Review "Documentation written for programmers should include text and program flowcharts, ________, and sample output as well as system flowcharts. Program listings "Activities in the program maintenance area fall under two categories: ________ and changing needs. Operations "In OOP, each ________ contains both the data and processing operations necessary to perform a task. Object "________ languages can be run on more than one kind of computer. Portable "A(n) ________ is a program that provides modules of prewritten code. Application generator TRUE or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE
or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE
or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or
FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE or FALSE: "FALSE: TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE TRUE or FALSE: TRUE Program A list of instructions for the computer to follow to process data into information. The instructions given from a program are made up of: Statements used in a programming language Programming A six-step procedure for creating that list of instructions. What is programing also known as? Software Development Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) A six-step procedure for software development. What are the six steps of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? "1) Program Specification "Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Step #1: The program's objectives, outputs, inputs, and processing requirements are determined. "Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Step #2: A solution is created using programming techniques such as topdown program design, pseudocode, flowcharts, and logic structures. "Software Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) - Step #3: The program is written or coded using a programming language. "Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Step #4: The program is tested or debugged by looking for syntax and logic errors. "Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Step #5: Focuses on formalizing the written description and processes used in the program. "Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Step #6: Completed programs are periodically reviewed to evaluate their accuracy, efficiency, standardization, and ease of use. Changes are made to the program's code as needed.
Software Engineers Programming professional or programmer who analyzes users' needs and creates application software. What are other names for the Program Specification step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? "~ Program Definition Step #1: Program Specification of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) requires that the programmer or end user specify what five items? "1) Program Objectives "SDLC - Program Specification (Step #1): A clear statement of the problem the program is trying to solve.
"SDLC - Program Specification (Step #1): "~ List what is wanted to get out of the computer system. "SDLC - Program Specification (Step #1): Logs or statements of data processed into the output data wanted "SDLC - Program
Specification (Step #1): Define the processing tasks that must happen for input data to be processed into output. "SDLC - Program Specification (Step #1): Ongoing documentation is essential - record program objectives, desired outputs, needed inputs, and required processing "SDLC -
Program Design (Step #2): Techniques used to plan a solution for Program Design "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2): "1) Top-Down Program Design "SDLC - Program Design (Step
#2) - Structured Programming Techniques: To identify the program's processing steps "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Structured Programming Techniques: Each module is made up of logically related program statements. Under the rules of Top-Down Design, each module should have how many functions? One Under the rules of Top-Down Program Design, how must the program pass? In sequence from one module to the next until the computer has processed all modules What are the three principal computer system operations? "1) Input "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Structured Programming Techniques: "An outline of the logic of the program you will write. "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Structured Programming Techniques: Graphically present the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem. What is one of the most powerful capabilities of computers? The ability to make logical comparisons. "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Structured Programming Techniques: Programming statements or structures called sequence, selection, or repitition (loop) that control the logical sequence in which computer program instructions are executed. What are the three Logic Structures used to link various parts of a flow chart? "1) Sequential Structures "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Logic Structures: Structure in which one program statement follows another "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Logic Structures: "Determines which of two paths will be followed when a program must make a decision. "SDLC - Program Design (Step #2) - Logic
Structures: Structure in which a process may be repeated as long as a certain condition remains true. What is the last step that should be taken in Step #2: Program Design of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)? Document a report of the logic of the design including the pseudocode, flowcharts, and logic structures. "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3): Writing a program using the appropriate computer language "Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Program Code (Step #3): To write so-called Structured Programs using logic structures Structured Programs Program that uses logic structures according to the program design and the language in which you have chosen to write the program. Each language follows techniques like pseudocode, flowcharts, and logic structures. What are some qualities of a good program? "~ Reliable "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3): "~ A collection of symbols, words, and phrases that instruct a computer to perform a specific task. "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3) - Programming Language: Extends C to use objects or program modules that can be reused and interchanged between programs "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3) - Programming Language: A programming language designed by Microsoft to extend C++ for developing applications in the Windows environment "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3) - Programming Language: Primarily used for Internet applications; similar to C++; runs with a variety of operating systems "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3) - Programming Language: Embedded into web pages to provide dynamic and interactive content "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3) - Programming Language: General-purpose programming language that is simple and easy to learn. Frequently used in introductory programming courses "SDLC - Program Code (Step #3) - Programming Language: Uses graphical user interface and special code for touch screen interfaces to create apps for Apple iOS devices "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4): "1) Syntax Errors "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4) - Errors: Violation of the rules of a language in which the computer program is written. "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4) - Errors: Error that occurs when a programmer has used an incorrect calculation or left out a programming procedure. "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4): Testing and then eliminating errors in a program "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4) - Testing Process: "1) Desk Checking / Code Review
"SDLC - Program Test (Step #4): A programmer sitting at a desk checks (proofreads) a printout of the program carefully looking for syntax errors and logic errors. "SDLC
- Program Test (Step #4): "~ Using sample data, a programmer follows each program statement and performs every calculation. "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4): "~ Program is run through a computer, using a translator program. "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4): "~ Program is
tested for logic errors. "SDLC - Program Test (Step #4): A select group of potential users try out the program and provide feedback. "SDLC - Program Documentation (Step #5):
"~ Consists of written descriptions and procedures about a program and how to use it. "SDLC - Program Documentation (Step #5): All the prior documentation is reviewed, finalized, and distributed. "SDLC - Program Documentation (Step
#5): "~ Users "SDLC - Program Documentation (Step #5): "~ Need to know how to use the software. "SDLC
- Program Documentation (Step #5): "~ Must be provided for this segment of people. "SDLC - Program Documentation (Step #5): "~ As time passes, the creator of original program may not remember details about it. "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): To ensure that current programs are operating error-free, efficiently, and effectively. "SDLC
- Program Maintenance (Step #6): Maintains software by updating programs to protect them from errors, improve usability, standardize, and adjust to organizational changes. "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): "1) Operations "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): Activities concerned with locating and correcting operational errors, making programs easier to use, and standardizing software using structured programming techniques. "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): "~ As organizations change over time, their programs must
change with them. "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): Programming modifications or corrections. "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): Patches in which modifications to the software are typically more extensive and significant. "SDLC - Program Maintenance (Step #6): A development methodology that starts by getting core functionality of a program working, then expands on it until the customer is satisfied with the results. Which step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) determines program objectives, desired output, required input, and processing requirements? Step #1: Program Specification Which step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) uses structured programming techniques? Step #2: Program Design Which step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) selects programming language and writes the program? Step #3: Program Code Which step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) performs desk check (code review) and manual checks; attempts translation; tests using sample data; and beta tests with potential users? Step #4: Program Test Which step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) writes procedure for users, operators, and programmers? Step #5: Program Documentation Which step of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) adjusts for errors, inefficient or ineffective operations, nonstandard code, and changes over time? Step #6: Program Maintenance What are two resources that will help with the efficiency and effectiveness of software development? "1) Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools Provide some automation and assistance in program design, coding, and testing Object-Oriented Software Development Focuses less on the procedures and more on defining the relationships between previously defined procedures or "objects." Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) A process by which a program is organized into objects. What do the objects organized by Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) contain? The data and processing operations necessary to perform a task. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) use objects that are: Reusable and self-contained components. What is one of the most widely used Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) languages? C++ Lower Level Programing Languages "~ Programming
language closer to the language the computer itself uses. Higher Level Programing Languages Programming languages that are closer to the language humans use. What are the five generations of Programming Languages? "1) Machine Languages (1st
Generation) The First Generation: Machine Languages "~ Language in which data is represented in 1s and 0s. The Second Generation: Assembly Languages "~ Uses names instead of numbers. The Third Generation: Procedural Languages "~ ""3GL"" (Third Generation Languages) The Fourth Generation: Task-Oriented Languages "~ ""4GL"" (Fourth Generation Languages) The Fifth Generation: Problem and Constraint Languages "~ ""5GL"" (Fifth
Generation Languages) Portable Languages Language that can be run on more than one type of computer. Compiler Software that converts the programmer's procedural language program (source code) into machine language (object code). This object code can then be saved and run later. Source Code Occurs when a programmer originally writes the code for a program in a particular language. It is called this until it is translated by a compiler. Object Code Machine language code converted by a compiler from source code. It can be saved and run later. Interpreter Software that converts a procedural language one statement at a time into machine language just before the statement is executed. No object code is saved. Interactive Financial Planning System (IFPS) A 4GL language used for developing financial models. Query Languages Easy-to-use language and understandable to most users. It is used to search and generate reports from a database. Structured Query Language (SQL) A program control language used to create sophisticated database applications for requesting information from a database. What is the most widely used Query Language? Structured Query Language (SQL) Why are Application Generators beneficial? Greatly reduces the time to create an application. Application Generators "~ ""Program Coder"" Natural Languages Language that allows a person to describe a problem and some constraints and then request a solution using a common language like English. "What language is the following sample statement associated with? The First Generation - Machine Languages "What language
is the following sample statement associated with? The Second Generation - Assembly Languages "What language is the following sample statement associated with? The Third Generation - Procedural Languages "What language is the following sample statement
associated with? The Fourth Generation - Task-Oriented Languages "What language is the following sample statement associated with? The Fifth Generation - Problem and Constraint Languages Recommended textbook solutions
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