Which one of the following statements is not characteristic of tumor suppressor genes?
|
Bric, A., Miething, C. et al. Functional identification of tumor-suppressor genes through an in vivo RNA interference screen in a mouse lymphoma model. Cancer Cell 16, 324–335 (2009). Show Burkhart, D. L. & Sage, J. Cellular mechanisms of tumour suppression by the retinoblastoma gene. Nature Reviews Cancer 8, 671–682 (2008). Hahn, W. C. & Weinberg, R. A. Rules for making human tumor cells. New England Journal of
Medicine 347, 1593–1603. Kinzler, K. W. & Vogelstein, B. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell 87, 159–170 (1996). Kopnin, B. P.Targets of oncogenes and tumor suppressors: key for understanding basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Biokhimiya 65, 2–27 (2000). Kufe, D. W., Pollock, R. E., et al. eds. Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker, 2003. Sung, Y.M., Xu, X., et al. Tumor suppressor function of syk in human MCF10A in vitro and normal mouse mammary epithelium in vivo. PLoS ONE 4, e7445. Todaro, G. J. & Green, H. High frequency of SV40 transformation of mouse cell line 3T3. Virology 28, 756–759 (1966). Varmus, H. & Levine, A. J. eds. Readings in Tumor Virology. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1983. Vogelstein, B. & Kinzler, K. W. Cancer genes and the pathways they control. Nature Medicine 10, 789–799 (2004). Vogelstein, B. & Kinzler, K. W. The Genetic Basis of Human Cancer. 2nd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, 2002. Yu, C. I., Gallegos, M., et al. Broad influenza-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in humanized mice vaccinated with influenza virus vaccines. Blood 112, 3671–3678 (2008).
Nature volume 389, page 123 (1997)Cite this article
No single characteristic defines a tumour-suppressor gene, but important classical features include: loss-of-function mutations accompanied by loss of heterozygosity (or gene inactivation by epigenetic mechanisms such as methylation); mutation in inherited syndromes that predispose to cancer; somatic mutation in spontaneous tumours; and the ability to inhibit the growth of transformed cells in vitro. Another optional, but popular, criterion in the era of homologous recombination is that mice with null mutations in the putative tumour suppressor show a predisposition to cancer that mirrors a human cancer syndrome. Haber and Harlow9 have suggested a simpler, operational definition of a tumour suppressor, which requires only that the gene often sustains loss-of-function mutations in the development of cancer. But this means that inactivating mutations must be unequivocally demonstrated within the gene itself — the deletion of a large chromosomal region harbouring a candidate suppressor gene is not enough. At this early stage of the game, p73 has not yet lived up to either the classical standards for tumour suppressors or the kinder and gentler criteria of Haber and Harlow. But should an imprinted gene be exempted from these rules? The answer is, probably not. The current litmus test for any candidate tumour-suppressor gene is the demonstration of intragenic mutations within expressed alleles. References
Download references Authors
Rights and permissionsAbout this articleCite this articleClurman, B., Groudine, M. Defining tumour-suppressor genes. Nature 389, 123 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1038/38119 Download citation
What are the characteristics of tumor suppressor genes?Tumor suppressor genes represent the opposite side of cell growth control, normally acting to inhibit cell proliferation and tumor development. In many tumors, these genes are lost or inactivated, thereby removing negative regulators of cell proliferation and contributing to the abnormal proliferation of tumor cells.
Which of the following are tumor suppressor genes?BRCA 1, BRCA 2, PARP-1: BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes that encode proteins involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks through the homologous recombination repair pathway. [31] PARP-1 encodes a protein that assists with the repair of single-stranded breaks in the DNA.
What are the two main functions of tumor suppressor genes?Tumor suppressor genes often function to restrain inappropriate cell growth and division, as well as to stimulate cell death to keep our cells in proper balance. In addition, some of these genes are involved in DNA repair processes, which help prevent the accumulation of mutations in cancer-related genes.
Which of the following is a Tumour suppressor gene protein?The p53 gene like the Rb gene, is a tumor suppressor gene, i.e., its activity stops the formation of tumors.
|
