When is descriptive research design used
Imagine you are a detective called to a crime scene. Your job is to study the scene and report whatever you find: whether that’s the half-smoked cigarette on the table or the large “RACHE” written in blood on the wall. That, in a nutshell, is descriptive research. Show
Researchers often need to do descriptive research on a problem before they attempt to solve it. So in this guide, we’ll take you through:
Click to jump to the section that interests you. What is Descriptive Research?Definition: As its name says, descriptive research describes the characteristics of the problem, phenomenon, situation, or group under study. So the goal of all descriptive studies is to explore the background, details, and existing patterns in the problem to fully understand it. In other words, preliminary research. However, descriptive research can be both preliminary and conclusive. You can use the data from a descriptive study to make reports and get insights for further planning. What descriptive research isn’t: Descriptive research finds the what/when/where of a problem, not the why/how. Because of this, we can’t use the descriptive method to explore cause-and-effect relationships where one variable (like a person’s job role) affects another variable (like their monthly income). Key Characteristics of Descriptive Research
Descriptive Research Methods: The Top Three You Need to Know!Employee engagement survey by SurveySparrowSurveysIn short, survey research is a brief interview or conversation with a set of prepared questions about a topic. So you create a questionnaire, share it, and analyze the data you collect for further action. Learn about the differences between surveys and questionnaires here. You can access free survey templates, over 20+ question types, and pass data to 1,500+ applications with survey software, like SurveySparrow. It enables you to create surveys, share them and capture data with very little effort. Sign up today to launch stunning surveys for free. Please enter a valid Email ID. Signup for Free14-Day Free Trial • No Credit Card Required • No Strings Attached Pros:
ObservationThe observational method is a type of descriptive research in which you, the researcher, observe ongoing behavior. Now, there are several (non-creepy) ways you can observe someone. In fact, observational research has three main approaches:
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Case StudiesIn the case study method, you do a detailed study of a specific group, person, or event over a period. This brings us to a frequently asked question: “What’s the difference between case studies and longitudinal studies?” A case study will go very in-depth into the subject with one-on-one interviews, observations, and archival research. They are also qualitative, though sometimes they will use numbers and stats. An example of longitudinal research would be a study of the health of night shift employees vs. general shift employees over a decade. An example of a case study would involve in-depth interviews with Casey, an assistant director of nursing who’s handled the night shift at the hospital for ten years now. Pros:
7 Types of Descriptive ResearchTypeApproachCross-sectional researchStudies a particular group of people or their sections at a given point in time. Example: current social attitudes of Gen Z in the USLongitudinal researchStudies a group of people over a long period of time. Example: tracking changes in social attitudes among Gen-Zers from 2022 – 2032.Normative researchCompares the results of a study against the existing norms. Example: comparing a verdict in a legal case against similar cases.Correlational/relational researchInvestigates the type of relationship and patterns between 2 variables. Example: music genres and mental states.Comparative researchCompares 2 or more similar people, groups or conditions based on specific traits. Example: job roles of employees in similar positions from two different companies.Classification researchArranges the data into classes according to certain criteria for better analysis. Example: the classification of newly discovered insects into species.Archival researchSearching for and extracting information from past records. Example: Tracking US Census data over the decades.Descriptive Research: Examples To Build Your Next Study1. Case Study: Airbnb’s Growth StrategyIn an excellent case study, Tam Al Saad, Principal Consultant, Strategy + Growth at Webprofits, deep dives into how Airbnb attracted and retained 150 million users. “What Airbnb offers isn’t a cheap place to sleep when you’re on holiday; it’s the opportunity to experience your destination as a local would. It’s the chance to meet the locals, experience the markets, and find non-touristy places. Sure, you can visit the Louvre, see Buckingham Palace, and climb the Empire State Building, but you can do it as if it were your hometown while staying in a place that has character and feels like a home.” – Tam al Saad, Principal Consultant, Strategy + Growth at Webprofits 2. Observation – Better Tech Experiences for the ElderlyWe often think that our elders are so hopeless with technology. But we’re not getting any younger either, and tech is changing at a hair trigger! This article by Annemieke Hendricks shares a wonderful example where researchers compare the levels of technological familiarity between age groups and how that influences usage. “It is generally assumed that older adults have difficulty using modern electronic devices, such as mobile telephones or computers. Because this age group is growing in most countries, changing products and processes to adapt to their needs is increasingly more important. “ – Annemieke Hendricks, Marketing Communication Specialist, Noldus 3. Surveys – Decoding Sleep with SurveySparrowSRI International (formerly Stanford Research Institute) – an independent, non-profit research center – wanted to investigate the impact of stress on an adolescent’s sleep. To get those insights, two actions were essential: tracking sleep patterns through wearable devices and sending surveys at a pre-set time – the pre-sleep period. “With SurveySparrow’s recurring surveys feature, SRI was able to share engaging surveys with their participants exactly at the time they wanted and at the frequency they preferred.” Which is an example of when descriptive research designs should be used?Descriptive research is also used to compare how different demographics respond to certain variables. For example, an organization may study how people with different income levels react to the launch of a new Apple phone.
Why use descriptive research design?Why use Descriptive Research Design? Descriptive research allows researchers to thoroughly investigate the background of a research problem before further research can be carried out.
What are the three purposes of descriptive research?Three main purposes of descriptive studies can be explained as describing, explaining and validating research findings. This type of research is popular with non-quantified topic.
What does descriptive research mainly apply to?The descriptive research method primarily focuses on describing the nature of a demographic segment, without focusing on “why” a particular phenomenon occurs. In other words, it “describes” the subject of the research, without covering “why” it happens.
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