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According to Knox [1977], ". . . they constitute the global capacity to learn, reason and solve problems that most people refer to as intelligence. Fluid and crystallized intelligence are complementary in that some learning tasks can be mastered mainly by exercising either fluid or crystallized intelligence.
Both types of intelligence are equally important in everyday life. For example, when taking a psychology exam, you might need to rely of fluid intelligence to come up with a strategy to solve a statistics problem, while you must also employ crystallized intelligence to recall the exact formulas you need to use.
Fluid intelligence along with its counterpart, crystallized intelligence, are both factors of what Cattell referred to as general intelligence. While fluid intelligence involves our current ability to reason and deal with complex information around us, crystallized intelligence involves learning, knowledge and skills that are acquired over a lifetime.
It is important to note that despite the name, crystallized intelligence is not a form of fluid intelligence that has become 'crystallized.' Instead, the two factors of general intelligence are considered separate and distinct.
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Throughout Life
Fluid and crystallized intelligence tend to change throughout life, with certain mental abilities peaking at different points. Fluid intelligence has long-been believed to peak quite early in life, but some new research suggests that some aspects of fluid intelligence may peak as late as age 40. Crystallized intelligence does tend to peak much later in life, hitting its apex around age 60 or 70.
Some things to remember about fluid and crystallized intelligence:
•Both types of intelligence increase throughout childhood and adolescence.
•Fluid intelligence peaks in adolescence and begins to decline progressively beginning around age 30 or 40.
•Crystallized intelligence
continues to grow throughout adulthood.
Recent research also suggests that brain training might play a role in improving certain aspects of fluid intelligence.
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