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Recommended textbook solutionsAmerican Government
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Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition
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SS.7.C.3.2- Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government
Terms in this set [5]
Unitary System
All legal power is held by the national, or central government. Local governments, such as those for provinces and cities, have no independent powers and are simply local representatives of the national government. Their job is to carry out decisions made by the national government. The United Kingdom, Israel, and Japan are examples of unitary systems.
Federal System
Powers are divided up among national, state and local governments. In this system, some powers belong only to the national government, others only to state and/or local governments, and still others are shared by all three. The United States, Germany, India and Malaysia are all examples of federal systems.
Confederal System
This is where independent states join together to accomplish common goals. There may a small central government, or one may not even exist. However, the power and authority rest firmly in the hands of the local government. The United States was a confederation from 1781-1789. The Articles of Confederation were replaced with the U.S. Constitution and a federal system of government. Today, Canada, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates are examples of confederations. The European Union is a confederation of nations made up of 15 established countries [expanding to 23] that joined together to promote economic and political cooperation.
Presidential System
The legislative branch which makes the law, and the executive branch, which carries out the law, are separate and independent of each other. The executive branch is headed by a president who is chosen independently of the legislature. Each has its own powers and members of one branch may not be members of the other. What these powers are and how much each branch has influence over the other is dependent on the country. The United States and France both use a Presidential system.
Parliamentary System
The executive often called the prime minister or premier is chosen by the parliament or legislature. The prime minister and other officials appointed from the parliament make up the executive. If the executive loses the parliament's support, a new prime minister, cabinet member, and other formerly agreed upon leaders must be chosen, and/or a new legislative election is held. In parliamentary systems, the chief executive of the government and the head of state are separate offices. In some parliamentary systems, such as in the United Kingdom, the head of state is a monarch. In others, such as in Israel, the head of state is a president.
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- Federal System
- Presidential System