What are the types of models in computer?

A model is a representation of the construction and working of some system of interest. A model is similar to but simpler than the system it represents. A simulation (see simulator types) is a method for implementing a model. There are four (4) common types of models that are used. These are: [1,2]

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• Physical: A physical model is a model whose physical characteristics resemble the physical characteristics of the system being modeled. A simple example of a physical model is a plastic airplane you played with in grade school. See Prototyping
• Mathematical: A mathematical model is a symbolic model whose properties are expressed in mathematical symbols and relationships. Mathematical models are commonly used to quantify results, solve problems and predict behavior. A simple example of a mathematical model is the equation that represents a straight line: y=mx+b.
• Process: Process models are designed to replicate steps in a process or system. All process models allow users to define their processes, workflows or system dynamics. Other common processes that are modeled are information flow through a system and the manufacturing of parts using an assembly line.
• Combination: The approach of combining models learned from multiple batches of data as opposed to the common practice of learning one model from all the available data (i.e., the data combination approach).

AcqLinks and References:

• Modeling & Simulation Guidance for the Acquisition Workforce – Oct 208
• DoD Instruction 5000.61 “DoD M&S Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (VV&A)” – 9 Dec 2009
• DoD 5000.59 “DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Management” – 8 Aug 2007
• DoD “M&S Body of Knowledge (BOK)” – June 2008
• DAU “Test and Evaluation Management Guide” – Chapter 14 – Jan 2005
• SMC “Systems Engineering Handbook” – 15 Jan 2004
• DoD 5000.59-M “M&S Glossary” – Jan 1998
• DoD “M&S Glossary” – 1 Oct 2011
• Acquisition Modeling and Simulation Master Plan – 17 April 2006
• White Paper: JHU APL “Best Practices for the Development of M&A” – June 10
• White Paper: Introduction to Modeling and Simulation by Anu Maria
• White Paper: Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
• Presentation: Manager’s Guide to the High Level Architecture (HLA) for M&S – 11 May 2009
• Website: Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation
• Website: Army Modeling and Simulation Office
• Website: DoD M&S Coordination Office (MSCO)
• Website: DoD M&S Catalog
• Website: Simulate Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO)

Computer modeling is the process of creating an abstract model to simulate the behavior and response of a wide range of systems and prototypes. This technology is used in the physical sciences, medicine, and architecture as an aide to the design process. The quality of computer modeling software programs has increased significantly in the past few years.

There are three primary aspects to any computer modeling program: processing power, multiple dimensions, and simulation logic. While this type of technology has been used for many years in academic circles, the decrease in computer processing costs has increased the popularity of this type of tool in industry. Computer modeling software typically requires significant memory, processors, and capacity. It is common to create multiple versions of a potential solution, all of which must be saved for review.

Modeling in three dimensions is a standard requirement in engineering, architecture, and medicine. The accuracy of the model is greatly enhanced by this functionality and may provide valuable insights into the risks and benefits of the model. The skills required to use this type of software include data management, design, and advanced programming logic. It is important to note that the software programs assume that the user is a skilled professional in his or her discipline.

There are different simulation logic queries provided in every program. Templates are used for common situations and vary based on the primary audience of the software. For example, an architecture computer modeling program will have templates for new buildings, residential properties, and structural designs. Some programs include additional features, such as creation of detailed schematics from the model.

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One of the great advantages of computer modeling is the ability to test multiple scenarios and designs fairly quickly. A computer program can take an existing model and make minor or major modifications. These changes allow the designer to explore other options, try out new ideas, and test theories. Without a computer model, each concept would need to be built from scratch, requiring a significant amount of time, effort, and energy.

When looking to select a computer modeling software program, take the time to review the detailed specifications. This information provides valuable information on how the program will work, the limitations, and benefits of each package. Think about how you want to use the software and make sure all your core requirements are met. In addition, think about future expansion plans and make sure the tools are available to support those plans.