Which sequence of 20th century Cold War events is in the correct chronological order?

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This is a timeline of the 20th century.

1900s[edit]

1901[edit]

• January 1: The Australian colonies federate.
• January 22: Edward VII becomes King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India upon the death of Queen Victoria.
• March 2: Platt Amendment limits the autonomy of Cuba in exchange for withdrawal of American troops.
• June: Emily Hobhouse reports on the terrible conditions in the 45 British concentration camps for Boer women and children in South Africa.
• September 6: Assassination of William McKinley. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt assumes office as President of the United States following McKinley's death on September 14.
• September 7: Boxer Rebellion defeated by international coalition. They impose heavy financial sanctions on China.
• December 12: Guglielmo Marconi receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal.
• First Nobel Prizes awarded.

1902[edit]

• January 13: Unification of Saudi Arabia begins.
• May 20: Cuba given independence by the United States.
• May 31: Second Boer War ends in British victory.
• July 12: Arthur Balfour becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July 17: Willis Carrier invents the first modern electrical air conditioning unit.
• Venezuela Crisis, in which Britain, Germany and Italy impose a naval blockade on Venezuela in order to enforce collection of outstanding financial claims.

1903[edit]

• February 15: The first teddy bear is invented.
• July 1: The first Tour de France is held.
• July–August: In Russia the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks form from the breakup of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.
• August 4: Pius X becomes Pope.
• November 18: Independence of Panama, the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama.
• December 17: First controlled heavier-than-air flight of the Wright Brothers.
• The Ottoman Empire and the German Empire sign an agreement to build the Constantinople-Baghdad Railway.

1904[edit]

• February 8: A Japanese surprise attack on Port Arthur (Lushun) starts the Russo-Japanese War.
• April 8: Entente cordiale signed between Britain and France.
• May: U.S. begins construction of the Panama Canal and eradication of yellow fever.
• June 21: Trans-Siberian railway is completed.
• Herero and Namaqua Genocide, the first genocide of the 20th century, begins in German South-West Africa.
• Roger Casement publishes his account of Belgian atrocities in the Congo Free State.

1905[edit]

• January 22: The Revolution of 1905 in Russia erupts.
• March: The First Moroccan Crisis begins, going until May 1906.
• June 7: The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, and Norway achieves full independence.
• September 5: The Russo-Japanese War ends in Japanese victory.
• September 26: Albert Einstein's formulation of special relativity.
• October 16: The British Indian Province of Bengal, partitioned by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, despite strong opposition.
• December 5: Liberal Henry Campbell-Bannerman becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• Schlieffen Plan proposed in Berlin to defeat France.
• The Persian Constitutional Revolution begins.

1906[edit]

• April 18: An earthquake in San Francisco, California, magnitude 7.9, kills 3,000.
• July 13: Alfred Dreyfus is exonerated and reinstated as a major in the French Army; the Dreyfus Affair ends.
• August 16: An earthquake in Valparaíso, Chile, magnitude 8.2, kills 20,000.
• September 28: The US begins the Second Occupation of Cuba.
• October 23: Brazilian inventor Alberto Santos-Dumont takes off and flies his 14-bis to a crowd in Paris.
• December 30: The Muslim League is formed by Nawab Salimullah Khan of Dacca.
• The Stolypin reform in Russia creates a new class of affluent kulaks.

1907[edit]

• February–April: A peasants' revolt in Romania kills roughly 11,000.
• March 15–16: Elections to the new Parliament of Finland are the first in the world with woman candidates, as well as the first elections in Europe where universal suffrage is applied.
• July 24: Japan–Korea Treaty of 1907.
• The Indian National Congress splits into two factions at its Surat session, presided by Rash Behari Bose.
• Persian Constitutional Revolution ends with the establishment of a parliament.
• The Anglo-Russian Entente bring an end to The Great Game in Central Asia.
• Bakelite, the world's first fully synthetic plastic, invented in New York by Leo Baekeland, who coins the term "plastics".

1908[edit]

• January 24: Start of publication of Robert Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys in London.
• April 8: Liberal H. H. Asquith becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• May 26: First commercial Middle-Eastern oilfield established, at Masjed Soleyman in southwest Persia.
• June 30: The Tunguska impact devastates thousands of square kilometres of Siberia.
• July: Young Turk Revolution in the Ottoman Empire.
• October 1: The Ford Motor Company invents the Model T.
• early October: Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia-Herzegovina, triggering the Bosnian Crisis.
• October 5: Independence of Bulgaria.
• December 2: Pu Yi, the last Emperor of China, assumes the throne.
• December 28: The 1908 Messina earthquake in southern Italy, magnitude 7.1, kills 70,000 people.
• Herero and Namaqua Genocide ends.
• First commercial radio transmissions.
• The coldest year since 1880 according to NASA.

1909[edit]

• March 4: William Howard Taft is inaugurated as President of the United States; deep divisions in his Republican Party over tariffs.
• March 10: Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 signed (effective on July 9).
• March 12: Indian Councils Act passed.
• April: Bosnian crisis ends with Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
• April 6: Robert E. Peary claims to have reached the North Pole though the claim is subsequently heavily contested.
• April 13: A countercoup fails in the Ottoman Empire.
• July 16: A revolution forces Mohammad Ali Shah, Persian Shah of the Qajar dynasty to abdicate in favor of his son Ahmad Shah Qajar.
• Japan and China sign the Jiandao/Gando Treaty.
• United States troops leave Cuba.

1910s[edit]

1910[edit]

• February 8: Boy Scouts of America is founded.
• April: Halley's Comet returns.
• May–July: Albanian Revolt of 1910.
• May 6: George V becomes King of India.
• May 31: Union of South Africa created.
• August 28: Kingdom of Montenegro is proclaimed independent.
• August 29: Imperial Japan annexes Korea.
• October 5: The 5 October 1910 revolution in Portugal and proclamation of the First Portuguese Republic.
• November 20: Beginning of the Mexican Revolution (Plan of San Luis Potosí).

1911[edit]

• January 14: Roald Amundsen first reaches the South Pole.
• January 18: Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time an aircraft lands on a ship.
• March 25: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City results in the deaths of 146 workers and leads to sweeping workplace safety reforms.
• April–November: Agadir Crisis.
• September 29: The Italo-Turkish war which led to the capture of Libya by Italy, begins.
• October 10: Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Qing dynasty of China, begins.
• November 3: Swiss race car driver and automotive engineer Louis Chevrolet co-founds the Chevrolet Motor Company in Detroit with his brother Arthur Chevrolet, William C. Durant and others.
• December 12: New Delhi becomes the capital of British India.
• Ernest Rutherford identifies the atomic nucleus.

1912[edit]

• February 8: The African National Congress is founded.
• February 12: End of the Chinese Empire. Republic of China established.
• February 14: Arizona becomes the last state to be admitted to the continental Union.
• March 30: Morocco becomes a protectorate of France.
• April 15: Sinking of the RMS Titanic.
• July 30: Emperor Meiji dies, ending the Meiji Era; his son, the Emperor Taishō, becomes Emperor of Japan.
• August 25: The Kuomintang, the Chinese nationalist party, is founded.
• October 8: The First Balkan War begins.
• Banana Wars: United States occupation of Nicaragua begins.

1913[edit]

• January 23: In the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état, Ismail Enver comes to power.
• February 9–19: La Decena Trágica in Mexico City.
• March 4: Woodrow Wilson is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• May 29: Igor Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring infamously premiers in Paris.
• May 30: Treaty of London.
• June–August: Second Balkan War.
• August 10: Treaty of Bucharest.
• October 7: Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line.
• December 23: The Federal Reserve System is created.
• Yuan Shikai uses military force to dissolve China's parliament and rules as a dictator.
• Niels Bohr formulates the first cohesive model of the atomic nucleus, and in the process paves the way to quantum mechanics.

1914[edit]

• June 28: Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo, triggering the start of World War I.
• July 27: Felix Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo (Church of Christ) with the government of the Philippines.
• July 28: World War I begins.
• August 15 : Panama Canal opens.
• August 26–30: Battle of Tannenberg.
• September 1: Martha, last known passenger pigeon, dies.
• September 3: Benedict XV becomes Pope.
• September 6–12: First Battle of the Marne.
• September–October: The Race to the Sea leaves Germany and the Allies entrenched along the Western Front.
• December 19: The United Kingdom establishes the Sultanate of Egypt as a protectorate.
• Edgar Rice Burroughs publishes Tarzan of the Apes.

1915[edit]

• April 22: Second Battle of Ypres begins, first widespread use of poison gas.
• April 24: The deportation of Armenian leaders and notables in Constantinople signals the onset of the Armenian Genocide.
• May 7: Sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
• July 28: In the Banana Wars, the United States occupation of Haiti begins.
• The first large scale use of poison gas by both sides in World War I occurs, first by the Germans at the Battle of Bolimów on the eastern front, and at the Second Battle of Ypres on the western front, and then by the British at the Battle of Loos.

1916[edit]

• January 9: The Allies Gallipoli Campaign ends in failure; heavy losses of Australian troops/
• February–December: Battle of Verdun.
• April 24–30: Easter Rising in Ireland.
• April 30: The first nationwide implementation of daylight saving time in the German Empire and Austria-Hungary.
• June–September: Brusilov Offensive by Russia.
• June: The Arab Revolt begins.
• June 6: The Warlord Era begins in China after the death of Yuan Shikai.
• July–November: Battle of the Somme om Western Front; massive casualties.
• September 15–22: First use of tanks at the Battle of Flers-Courcelette.
• December: The Pact is agreed upon by both the Congress and the Muslim League at the Indian city of Lucknow.
• December 6: Liberal David Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• December 30: Grigori Rasputin is assassinated in Russia.
• Market Square, one of the earliest shopping malls, opens in the Chicago metropolitan area.

1917[edit]

• March 8: Russian Revolution ends the Russian Empire; beginning of Russian Civil War.
• April 6: USA joins the Entente for the last 17 months of World War I.
• May–October: Apparitions of Our Lady of the Rosary in Fatima, Portugal.
• June 4: The first Pulitzer Prizes announced.
• July–November: Battle of Passchendaele.
• October–November: Battle of Caporetto.
• November 1–2: The Third Battle of Gaza ends in British victory.
• November 7 (O.S. October 25): October Revolution in Russia.
• November 8: The Ukrainian–Soviet War begins.
• November 26: The National Hockey League is formed in Montreal, Canada.
• December 6: Independence of Finland.
• The first known sale of Girl Scout Cookies begins.

1918[edit]

• January–May: Finnish Civil War.
• January 22: Ukraine declares independence from Russia.
• February: Beginning of the Spanish flu pandemic, which lasts until April 1920 and kills tens of millions.
• March–July: The German spring offensive.
• March 25: Belarus declares independence from Russia.
• March 30: The Armenian–Azerbaijani War begins.
• May 28: Azerbaijan Democratic Republic declared.
• July 4: Mehmed VI becomes the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Caliph.
• July 16–17: Assassination of Tsar Nicholas II and his family.
• August 8–12: Battle of Amiens.
• August–November: The Hundred Days Offensive sends Germany into defeat.
• October: the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs is established.
• October 29: German Revolution begins.
• October 30:
  • The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen founded.
  • The Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire begins.
• November 1:
  • Independence declared in the West Ukrainian People's Republic.
  • The Polish–Ukrainian War begins.
• November 9: Abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
• November 11:
  • The Armistice of 11 November 1918 ends World War I.
  • Poland declares independence from Russia.
• December 1: The Kingdom of Iceland, a personal union with Denmark, is formed.
• The British occupy Palestine.

1919[edit]

• Paris Peace Conference writes Treaty of Versailles that punishes Germany.
• January 21: The First Red Scare in the United States. Irish War of Independence begins.
• February 14: Polish-Soviet War.
• March 2: Comintern established in Kremlin to coordinate Communist parties worldwide.
• April 11: The International Labour Organization is established.
• April 13: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in northern India: Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer orders troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians, killing from 379 to 1,000 people and injuring another 1,500.
• May 19: Turkish War of Independence begins.
• June 28: The Treaty of Versailles redraws European borders.
• July: The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 erupts.
• July 18: End of Polish–Ukrainian War.
• August 11: German Revolution ends with the collapse of the German Empire and the establishment of the Weimar Republic.
• November 19: Release date of Feline Follies, the first appearance of Felix the Cat (then known as Master Tom).
• First experimental evidence for the General theory of relativity obtained by Arthur Eddington.
• Ernest Rutherford discovers the proton.

1920s[edit]

1920[edit]

• January 10: League of Nations founded.
• January 17: Prohibition in the United States begins.
• February 2: Victory for Estonia in the Estonian War of Independence.
• April 25: Mandatory Palestine established.
• April 27–28: Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan and Armenia ends the Armenian–Azerbaijani War and concludes with their incorporation into the Soviet Union.
• May 21: The Mexican Revolution ends.
• September 5: Mahatma Gandhi launches Non-cooperation movement.
• Greece restores its monarchy after a referendum.

1921[edit]

• January 25: Premiere of the science-fiction play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), in which the word "robot" was first used.
• February–March: Russia invades Georgia and incorporates it into the Soviet Union.
• March 4: Warren G. Harding is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• July 29: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of the Nazi Party as hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic begins.
• October 18: End of the Polish-Soviet War.
• November 9: The Italian National Fascist Party is established by Benito Mussolini.
• November 17: End of the Ukrainian–Soviet War.
• December 15: Coup brings the Pahlavi dynasty to power in Iran.

1922[edit]

• February 2: James Joyce publishes Ulysses.
• February 6:
  • Pius XI becomes Pope.
  • The Washington Naval Treaty is signed.
• February 28: Egypt gains independence from the United Kingdom, though British forces still occupy the Suez Canal.
• June 16: End of Russian Civil War.
• June 28: The Irish Civil War begins.
• October 23: Conservative Bonar Law becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• October 28: March on Rome brings Benito Mussolini to power in Italy.
• November 1: Ottoman Sultanate abolished by the Turkish Grand National Assembly; Sultan Mehmed VI is deposed.
• November 4: Howard Carter discovers Tutankhamen's tomb.
• November 14: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) established.
• December 6: Irish Free State is established, while the Province of Northern Ireland is created within The United Kingdom.
• December 16: Gabriel Narutowicz, President of Poland, is assassinated.
• December 30: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), the world's first officially Communist state, is formed.
• The union of Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador is dissolved.
• The Italian reconquest of Libya begins.
• Mohandas Gandhi calls off Non-cooperation movement.

1923[edit]

• March 3: Time Magazine is first published.
• May 22: Stanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• May 24: The Irish Civil War ends.
• June 9: A military coup ousts and kills Bulgarian Prime Minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski.
• August 2: Death of Warren G. Harding; Vice President Calvin Coolidge assumes office as President of the United States.
• September 1: The Great Kantō earthquake kills at least 105,000 people in Japan.
• October 11: Turkish War of Independence ends; Ankara replaces Istanbul as its capital.
• October 29: Kemal Atatürk becomes the first President of the newly established Republic of Turkey.
• October 16: The Walt Disney Company is founded.
• November 8: The Beer Hall Putsch, an attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic, ends in failure and brief imprisonment for Adolf Hitler but brings the Nazi Party to national attention.
• November 15: Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic ends with the introduction of the Rentenmark.

1924[edit]

• January 21: The death of Vladimir Lenin triggers power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin.
• January 22: Ramsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom; fir Labour Party prime minister.
• January 25–February 5: The first edition of the Winter Olympic Games is hosted in Chamonix, France.
• February 12: Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin premieres in New York City.
• March 3: The Caliphate is abolished by Kemal Atatürk.
• May 10: The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation founded under J. Edgar Hoover.
• May 24: Immigration Act of 1924 significantly restricts immigration from Asia, the Middle East, and Southern Europe to USA.
• August 28: The August Uprising in Georgia against Soviet rule.
• November 4: Conservative Stanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1925[edit]

• January 3: Benito Mussolini delivers a speech to begin his dictatorship.
• March–April: First televisual image introduced by John Logie Baird.
• July 18: Hitler's Mein Kampf is published.
• October 5–16: Locarno Treaties signed.
• Serum run to Nome.

1926[edit]

• May 12–14: May Coup in Poland.
• May 28: 28 May 1926 coup d'état in Portugal.
• August 22: General Georgios Kondylis overthrows General Theodoros Pangalos in Greece.
• December 25: Emperor Taishō dies; his son, the Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) becomes Emperor of Japan.

1927[edit]

• January 1: The BBC is granted a Royal Charter in the United Kingdom.
• May: Australian Parliament convenes in Canberra for the first time.
• May 13: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland officially becomes the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• May 18: The Bath School disaster, a series of violent attacks by Andrew Kehoe results in 45 deaths in Michigan, USA.
• May 20: Saudi Arabia gains independence.
• May 20–21: Charles Lindbergh performs the first nonstop flight from New York City to Paris; becomes a world hero.
• August 1: The Chinese Civil War begins.
• October 4: Mount Rushmore construction begins in South Dakota, U.S.
• October 6: The Jazz Singer, the first "talkie", is released.
• November 12: Soviet general secretary Joseph Stalin becomes dictator of the Soviet Union.
• World population reaches two billion.

1928[edit]

• March: Hassan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood.
• September 1: King Zog I is crowned in Albania.
• September 3: Accidental rediscovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming.
• July 24: The Kellogg-Briand Pact is signed in Paris.
• November 18: Steamboat Willie, is the first appearance of Mickey Mouse.
• December 29: The Warlord Era ends in China.
• Malta becomes a British Dominion.
• Bubble gum is invented.

1929[edit]

• February: Leon Trotsky is exiled.
• February 11: Pope Pius XI signs the Lateran Treaty with Italian leader Benito Mussolini, after which the Vatican City is recognised as a sovereign state.
• February 14: Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, the murder of seven members and associates of Chicago's North Side Gang.
• March 4: Herbert Hoover is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• May 16: The first Academy Awards are presented.
• June 5: Ramsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• October 24–29: Wall Street crash of 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression.
• First people sent to the gulag in the Soviet Union as Stalin assumes effective control.

1930s[edit]

1930[edit]

• February 18: Clyde Tombaugh discovers Pluto.
• March 12: Salt March by Mohandas Gandhi and the official start of civil disobedience in British India.
• April 2: Haile Selassie becomes Emperor of Abyssinia.
• April 19: Sinkin' in the Bathtub, the first Looney Tunes short, is released.
• May 27: Construction of Chrysler Building completed.
• July 13–30: The first FIFA World Cup is hosted in Uruguay. The champions are Uruguay.
• August 4: King Kullen, widely regarded as the first supermarket, opens in Queens, New York City.
• September 14: Aided by the Great Depression, the Nazi Party increases its share of the vote from 2.6% to 18.3%.
• November: First Round Table Conference between India and Great Britain, which goes until January 1931.
• November 3: The Vargas Era begins in Brazil.
• Soviet famine of 1930–1933 and Holodomor begin.

1931[edit]

• February 12: Vatican Radio first began broadcasting.
• March 3: "The Star-Spangled Banner" is adopted as the United States's national anthem.
• May 1: Empire State Building completed.
• June: Floods in China kill up to 2.5 million people.
• April 14: The Second Spanish Republic is declared.
• September: Japan invades Manchuria, part of the chain of events leading to the start of World War II.
• September–December: Second Round Table Conference.
• November 7: The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed by Mao Zedong.
• December 11:
  • Statute of Westminster creates the British Commonwealth of Nations.
  • Independence of South Africa.
• December 12: Christ the Redeemer completed.

1932[edit]

• March 1: Lindbergh baby kidnapping.
• March 9: Éamon de Valera becomes President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish Free State.
• June 4: Military coup in Chile.
• June 24: Siamese Revolution establishes a constitutional monarchy.
• September 9: The Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay begins.
• November–December:
  • Failed Emu War in Australia.
  • Third Round Table Conference.
• December 19: BBC World Service starts broadcasting.
• The neutron is discovered by James Chadwick.
• The Nazi party becomes the largest single party in the German parliament.
• Aldous Huxley publishes Brave New World.

1933[edit]

• January 30: Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.
• March 2: King Kong is released in New York.
• March 4: Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated as President of the United States, after being elected to the first of his record four terms.
• March 27: Japan announces it will leave the League of Nations.
• October 14: Germany announces its withdrawal from the League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference, after the U.S., the U.K. and France deny its request to increase its defense armaments under the Versailles Treaty.
• December 5: Prohibition in the United States is abolished.
• New Deal begins in America.
• United States occupation of Nicaragua ends.

1934[edit]

• February 12–16: The Austrian Civil War results in Fascist victory.
• March 24: The United States grants more autonomy to the Philippines.
• May 23: Bonnie and Clyde are shot to death in a police ambush.
• June 30–July 2: Adolf Hitler instigates the Night of the Long Knives, which cements his power over both the Nazi Party and Germany.
• July 22: John Dillinger is gunned down by the FBI outside the Biograph Theater.
• August 1: The United States occupation of Haiti ends.
• August 2: With the death of President Hindenburg, Hitler declares himself Führer of Germany.
• October 16: Mao Zedong begins the Long March.
• November: David Toro overthrows the government of Bolivia in a military coup.

1935[edit]

• May 31: Establishment of 20th Century Fox.
• March 21: Reza Shah of Iran asks the international community to formally adopt the name "Iran" to refer to the country, instead of the name "Persia".
• June 7: Stanley Baldwin becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• June 12: Chaco War ends.
• September 15: Enactment of the Nuremberg racial laws.
• October 3: The Second Italo-Abyssinian War begins and goes until February 1937. It includes events such as the exile of Haile Selassie and the conquest of Abyssinia by Benito Mussolini.
• October 23: William Lyon Mackenzie King becomes Prime Minister of Canada.
• November 15: Manuel L. Quezon becomes President of the Philippines.

1936[edit]

• January 20: Edward VIII becomes King of the British Commonwealth and Emperor of India.
• May 9: Italy annexes Ethiopia.
• July 17: Beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
• September 7: "Benjamin", the last known thylacine, dies in Hobart Zoo.
• October 31: Boy Scouts of the Philippines is founded.
• December 11: After a reign shorter than one year, Edward VIII abdicates and hands the throne to his brother, George VI.
• The Hoover Dam is completed.
• Great Purge begins under Stalin.
• 1936-1939 Arab Revolt in Palestine against the British begins to oppose Jewish immigration.
• George Nissen and Larry Griswold build the first modern trampoline.

1937[edit]

• May 6: German zeppelin Hindenburg crashes in Lakehurst, New Jersey, ending the airship era.
• May 28: Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July 7: Japanese invasion of China, and the beginning of World War II in the Far East.
• August 28: Toyota founded in Japan by Kiichiro Toyoda.
• September 21: J. R. R. Tolkien publishes The Hobbit.
• December 13: The Nanjing Massacre begins, ending about a month later in January 1938. It results in 40,000 to 200,000 deaths according to various estimates.
• December 21: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is the first feature-length animated movie released.
• The Irish Republican Army attempts to assassinate King George VI of the United Kingdom.
• Volkswagen founded by the German Labour Front.

1938[edit]

• March 12: Anschluss unifies Germany and Austria.
• April 18: DC Comics hero Superman has its first appearance.
• June 15: Hungarian newspaper editor László Bíró fills a British patent of the first commercially successful ballpoint pen. This would popularize the instrument, currently the most widely used for writing, after World War II.
• July 6–15: Évian Conference ends with all attendee nations save the Dominican Republic refusing to accept more Jewish refugees from the Third Reich.
• September 30: Munich agreement hands Czechoslovakia to Nazi Germany.
• November 9–10: Kristallnacht, a pogrom of over 90 Jews in Germany.
• December: Time Magazine declares Adolf Hitler as Man of the Year.
• The Great Purge ends after nearly 700,000 executions.

1939[edit]

• March 2: Pius XII becomes Pope.
• March 30: DC's Detective Comics#27 marks the first appearance of Batman in comics.
• April 1: End of Spanish Civil War; Francisco Franco becomes dictator of Spain.
• July 15: DZRH first began broadcasting.
• August 23: The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union.
• August 25: Release date of MGM's The Wizard of Oz.
• September 1–October: Nazi invasion of Poland triggers World War II in Europe. Soviet invasion of Poland begins 16 days later.
• September 3: Britain and France declare war on Germany; World War II begins.
• September 13: Ferrari founded in Modena, Italy (as Auto Avio Costruzioni) by Enzo Ferrari.
• December 15: Release date of Gone with the Wind.
• The Palestinian revolt against the British ends.

1940s[edit]

1940[edit]

• January: Chechen insurgency begins in Soviet Union.
• February 7: Release date of Disney's Pinocchio.
• March 13: The Winter War between Soviet Union and Finland ends with a costly victory for the USSR.
• April–May: The Katyn massacre of Polish soldiers in USSR and the Soviet occupation of the Baltic states.
• May 10: Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• May 15: McDonald's founded in San Bernardino, California.
• May 26: Girl Scouts of the Philippines is founded.
• May–June: Nazis invade France, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway.
• June: The Soviet Union annexes the Baltic states.
• July–October: Battle of Britain, the first entirely aerial military campaign, becomes the first significant defeat for the Axis powers.
• August 20: Leon Trotsky is assassinated in Mexico.
• September 7: The Blitz, a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom, begins.
• November 13: Release date of Disney's Fantasia.
• Neptunium is synthesized.

1941[edit]

• June–December: Hitler commences the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union.
• June 25: Continuation War between Finland and the Soviet Union begins. Siege of Tobruk in North Africa is the first major defeat for Hitler's land forces.
• September 8: Siege of Leningrad begins.
• October:
  • Operation Reinhard commences the main phase of The Holocaust.
  • All Star Comics#8 marks the first appearance of Wonder Woman in comics.
• October 23: Release date of Disney's Dumbo.
• December 7: The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor leads to the USA joining World War II.
• Mount Rushmore construction ends.

1942[edit]

• April 9: Bataan Death March.
• May 4–8: Battle of the Coral Sea.
• May 5–6: Battle of Corregidor.
• June 4–7: Battle of Midway.
• July 1–27: First Battle of El Alamein.
• August:
  • Battle of Stalingrad and Guadalcanal Campaign begin.
  • Internment of Japanese-American citizens in the US begins.
• August 13: Release date of Disney's Bambi.
• October–November: Second Battle of El Alamein.
• The Manhattan Project begins.

1943[edit]

• January 15: The Pentagon is completed.
• February 2: Battle of Stalingrad ends with over two million casualties and the retreat of the German Army.
• April–May: Warsaw Ghetto uprising fails.
• May 15: American Broadcasting Company (ABC) founded in New York City.
• July–August: The failed Battle of Kursk becomes the last Nazi offensive on the Eastern Front.
• October 14: José P. Laurel takes the oath of office as President of the Second Philippine Republic.
• November–December: Tehran Conference between Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin agrees to launch Operation Overlord.
• A famine in Bengal kills up to 3 million people.

1944[edit]

• January 27: The Siege of Leningrad ends with Soviet victory after over a million deaths.
• February–March: Chechen insurgency ends with deportation of the entire Chechen population.
• June 1: First operational electronic computer, Colossus, comes online.
• June 6: D-Day landings in Normandy.
• June–August: Soviet forces launch Operation Bagration on the Eastern Front, the biggest defeat in German military history.
• July 20: Adolf Hitler survives the 20 July plot to assassinate him led by Claus von Stauffenberg.
• August 19–25: Liberation of Paris.
• September 19: The Continuation War ends.
• October–December: American and Filipino troops begin the Battle of Leyte in the Philippines.

1945[edit]

• February 4–11: Yalta Conference.
• February 13–15: Allied bombing of Dresden.
• February: Death of Anne Frank.
• February–March: Battle of Manila.
• March–July: Battle of Okinawa.
• April 12: Death of Franklin D. Roosevelt; Vice President Harry Truman assumes office as President of the United States.
• April–May: Battle of Berlin.
• April 28: Execution of Benito Mussolini.
• April 30: The Suicide of Adolf Hitler in Berlin as Nazi Germany collapses.
• May:
  • End of World War II in Europe.
  • The Holocaust ends after ~12 million deaths, including 6 million Jews.
• June 26: United Nations founded (UN Charter).
• July 26: Clement Attlee becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July–August: The Potsdam Conference divides Europe into Western and Soviet blocs.
• August 6–9: Harry S. Truman orders the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
• August 15: Victory over Japan Day.
• August 17: Independence of Indonesia proclaimed begin Indonesian National Revolution.
• September 2:
  • End of World War II in Asia with the beginning of the Surrender of Japan.
  • Related subsequent announcement of the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
• October 8: The microwave cooking oven is patented, with the one of the first prototypes placed at a Boston restaurant for testing.
• October 29: In Brazil, Getúlio Vargas is deposed in a coup.

1946[edit]

• March 22: Independence of Jordan.
• March 30: Greek Civil War begins.
• June 2: Italy becomes a republic.
• June 9: Bhumibol Adulyadej becomes King of Thailand.
• July 4: The Treaty of Manila declares Philippines independent.
• August 16: Mustafa Barzani founds the Kurdistan Democratic Party.
• September 30–October 1: Nuremberg trials end.
• October 27: French Fourth Republic established.
• December 19: First Indochina War begins.
• First images of the Earth taken from space.

1947[edit]

• March 12: Harry Truman establishes the Truman Doctrine of containment of Communism.
• April 15: Jackie Robinson becomes the first baseball player of color.
• July 26: Creation of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.
• August 14–15: Partition of India. Independence of India and Pakistan and beginning of First Indo-Pakistani War.
• November–December: Three Bell Labs engineers give the first public demonstration of the transistor, an electrical component that could control, amplify, and generate current.
• Breaking of the sound barrier.
• Hyundai Group founded by Chung Ju-yung in Seoul, South Korea.

1948[edit]

• January 30: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi.
• February 4: Independence of Burma and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) from Britain.
• April 3: The Marshall Plan, an American initiative for foreign aid of $13 billion to 16 Western European countries, comes into effect.
• April 7: The World Health Organization (WHO) founded.
• April 16: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) founded.
• April 23: The Soviet Sever-2 expedition become the first party to indisputably set foot on the North Pole.
• May 14: United Nations establishes Israeli Independence and the formation of the official State of Israel.
• May 15: The Arab–Israeli War begins.
• June 24: Berlin Blockade begins.
• August–September: Division of North and South Korea.
• September 24: Honda founded in Hamamatsu, Japan by Soichiro Honda and Takeo Fujisawa.
• Beginning of apartheid in South Africa.

1949[edit]

• January 5: The First Indo-Pakistani War ends.
• January 5–8: COMECON founded by USSR and the Eastern Bloc.
• March 10: The Arab–Israeli War ends.
• April 4: The Creation of NATO.
• April 28: Former First Lady Aurora Aragon–Quezon is killed in an ambush in the Philippines.
• May 12: Berlin Blockade ends.
• May 23: Creation of NATO-backed Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).
• June 8: George Orwell publishes Nineteen Eighty-Four.
• October 1: Establishment of the People's Republic of China under CCP Chairman Mao Zedong; The Republic of China relocates to Taiwan.
• October 7: Creation of the socialist German Democratic Republic (East Germany).
• Partition of Kashmir.
• Soviet Union tests the atomic bomb.

1950s[edit]

1950[edit]

• January 26: The Constitution of India comes into effect.
• February 15: Release date of Disney's Cinderella.
• June 25: North Korean invasion of South Korea begins the Korean War.
• June–September: The Bodo League Massacre of prisoners during the Korean War.
• August–September: North Korean forces capture most of Korea, to the Pusan Perimeter.
• August 25: Bertie the Brain, one of the first computer games, is released.
• September–November: UN forces reclaim Seoul and invade North Korea.
• October: Alan Turing publishes the Turing test, one of the most influential yet controversial concepts in artificial intelligence research.
• November 17: Lhamo Dondrub assumes full political powers as the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet.
• Communist victory in the Landing Operation on Hainan Island (March–May) and Wanshan Archipelago Campaign end the Chinese Civil War (May–August).

1951[edit]

• July 1: Colombo Plan, a regional organisation of 27 countries designed to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the Asia-Pacific region, commences.
• July 28: Release date of Disney's Alice in Wonderland.
• September 8: The Treaty of San Francisco ends the Occupation of Japan and formally concludes hostilities between Japan and the US.
• September 18: Release date of the acclaimed science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still.
• October 26: Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• The Soviet Union has the atomic bomb.

1952[edit]

• February 6: Queen Elizabeth II becomes Monarch of the Commonwealth realms.
• May: Bonn–Paris conventions end allied occupation of West Germany.
• May 2: The first passenger jet flight route opens between London and Johannesburg.
• May 27: European Defence Community formed.
• June 28: Establishment of Miss Universe.
• July 23: Egyptian Revolution under Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrows King Farouk and ends British occupation.
• November 1: The United States successfully detonates the first hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Ivy Mike", at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands in the central Pacific Ocean, with a yield of 10.4 megatons.
• Development of the first effective polio vaccine by Jonas Salk.
• The Mau Mau Uprising begins in Kenya.
• The Slansky Trial in Czechoslovakia.

1953[edit]

• January 20: Dwight D. Eisenhower is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• February 5: Release date of Disney's Peter Pan.
• March 5: Death of Stalin.
• April 25: Discovery of the three-dimensional structure of DNA.
• May 9: Possession of Clarita Villanueva.
• June 2: Coronation of Elizabeth II.
• June 16–17: An East German Uprising leads to the arrest and execution of Lavrentiy Beria; power struggle begins between Georgy Malenkov and Nikita Khrushchev.
• May 29: First ascent of Mount Everest.
• July 27: End of the Korean War.
• August 19: Mohammed Mossadeq deposed in Iran.
• October 23: Alto Broadcasting System (now ABS-CBN) in the Philippines makes the first television broadcast in southeast Asia, through DZAQ-TV.
• November 9: Independence of Cambodia.
• December 30: Ramon Magsaysay becomes the 7th President of the Philippines.
• Elvis Presley's musical career is launched.
• The first color television is produced.
• "Insta-Burger King" founded in Jacksonville, Florida.

1954[edit]

• April 12: The song Rock Around the Clock, by Bill Haley and His Comets, brings rock and roll to the American mainstream.
• May 17: The Supreme Court of the United States decides Brown v. Board of Education, ordering an end to racial segregation in public schools.
• July 29: J. R. R. Tolkien publishes The Fellowship of the Ring, the first volume of The Lord of the Rings.
• August 1: First Indochina War ends.
• September 3: First Taiwan Strait Crisis begins.
• September 14: The Soviet Union generates first electricity by nuclear power.
• October 23: The Western European Union is established.
• November 1: Algerian War begins.
• November 3: Godzilla is released in Japan.
• Two Miami-based franchisees, David Edgerton and James McLamore, purchase the company "Insta-Burger King" and rename it "Burger King".

1955[edit]

• February 24: Formation of the Central Treaty Organization.
• March 12: Death of Charlie Parker, American jazz saxophonist and composer.
• April 6: Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• April 12: The Salk polio vaccine having passed large-scale trials earlier in the United States, receives full approval by the Food and Drug Administration.
• April 18: Death of Albert Einstein.
• April 18–24: Bandung Conference.
• May 1: First Taiwan Strait Crisis ends.
• May 14: Signing of the Warsaw Pact.
• June 22: Release date of Disney's Lady and the Tramp.
• August 18: First Sudanese Civil War begins.
• September 30: Death of James Dean, American actor.
• After winning the power struggle that followed Stalin's death two years earlier, Nikita Khrushchev assumes control of the Soviet Union.
• Antimatter first produced.

1956[edit]

• January 1: Independence of Sudan from Britain.
• March 20: Independence of Tunisia from France.
• March 23: Full independence of Pakistan.
• October 29–November 7: Nasser's nationalisation of the Suez Canal triggers the Suez crisis.
• November 11: The Hungarian Uprising crushed by Soviet troops.
• Construction of Brasília, the new capital of Brazil to replace Rio de Janeiro, begins.

1957[edit]

• January 10: Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• March 6: Independence of Ghana from Britain.
• March 17: Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and 24 others are killed in a plane crash.
• March 25: Treaty of Rome, which would eventually lead to the European Union.
• August 31: Independence of the Federation of Malaya.
• October 4: Launch of Sputnik 1 and the beginning of the Space Age.
• November 3: Laika becomes the first animal launched into Earth orbit.
• December 20: First flight of the Boeing 707.
• First prescription of the combined oral contraceptive pill.
• Beginning of the Asian flu in China, leading to a worldwide pandemic that lasts until the following year.

1958[edit]

• May 31: Pizza Hut founded.
• July 29: NASA formed.
• August 23: Federal Aviation Administration formed.
• August–September: Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.
• October 4: French Fifth Republic established.
• October 28: John XXIII becomes Pope.
• November: Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) founded. CND's symbol, the peace sign, is first used.
• Invention of the optical disc and the cassette tape.
• Start of the great leap forward in China.

1959[edit]

• January 1: Cuban Revolution ends.
• January 3: Admission of Alaska, the 49th state, into the United States.
• January 29: Disney's Sleeping Beauty premieres.
• February 3: Rock and roll musicians Ritchie Valens, Buddy Holly and The Big Bopper die in a plane crash.
• March 9: Mattel's Barbie doll debuts in the United States.
• February 19: Independence of Cyprus.
• March 10–23: Uprising in Tibet against China leads to the exile of the Dalai Lama.
• August 21: Admission of Hawaii, the 50th state, into the United States.
• October 7: The U.S.S.R. probe Luna 3 sends back the first ever photos of the far side of the Moon.
• November 1: Beginning of the Vietnam War, which lasted for almost twenty years until 1975.
• November 18: The Oscar-winning film Ben-Hur premieres.
• World population reaches three billion.
• Great Chinese Famine begins in China.
• First documented AIDS cases.
• By this time, the gulag has been effectively disbanded, after over a million recorded deaths.

1960s[edit]

1960[edit]

• January 22: First crewed descent to the deepest point on Earth, the Mariana Trench.
• March 21: The Sharpeville Massacre, in which the police opened fire against a protesting crowd at a police station in the South African township of Sharpeville in Transvaal, resulting in 69 deaths and 180 injuries.
• April 21: Construction of Brasília, Brazil's new capital, finished.
• May 1: 1960 U-2 incident sparks deterioration in relations between superpowers.
• May 9: The birth control pill becomes commercially available.
• May 16: Construction of the first laser.
• May 22:
  • An earthquake in Valdivia, Chile of magnitude 9.4 to 9.6, the highest ever recorded, causes 1,000 to 6,000 deaths.
  • American boxer Muhammad Ali wins gold.
• September 18–25: The first edition of the Summer Paralympic Games is hosted in Rome.
• September 30: The first episode of The Flintstones airs on ABC.
• October 12: Inejiro Asanuma, a Japanese socialist politician, is assassinated during a broadcast on TV.
• November 8: The 1960 United States presidential election marks the first televised debates between presidential candidates.
• European Free Trade Association formed.
• Year of Africa: Independence of 17 African nations.
• Khrushchev withdraws Soviet cooperation with China, initiating the Sino-Soviet split.
• Mau Mau Uprising ends.
• The Beatles form in Liverpool.

1961[edit]

• January 17: The assassination of Patrice Lumumba begins the Congo Crisis.
• January 20: John F. Kennedy is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• January 25: Release date of Disney's One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
• April 12: Yuri Gagarin, flying the Vostok 1 spacecraft as part of the Vostok program, becomes the first human in space.
• May 25: In an address to Congress, John F. Kennedy declares the United States' objective of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by the end of the decade. This would be in fact achieved by the Apollo Project, despite several challenges and much doubt.
• August 13: Construction of the Berlin Wall.
• September 18: UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash.
• The Great Leap Forward ends in China after the deaths of roughly 20-45 million people.

1962[edit]

• March 19: The Algerian War ends with the independence of Algeria.
• May: Marvel's The Incredible Hulk marks the first appearance of the superhero.
• July 2: Walmart founded in Rogers, Arkansas by Sam Walton.
• August: Marvel's Amazing Fantasy#15 marks the first appearance of Spider-Man in comics.
• August 4: Death of Marilyn Monroe.
• September 26: A coup ends the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen, establishing the Yemen Arab Republic and starting the North Yemen Civil War.
• October 11: The Second Vatican Council is opened by Pope John XXIII.
• October 16–29: The Cuban Missile Crisis nearly causes nuclear war.
• October–November: The Sino-Indian War, caused by a border dispute in Aksai Chin, ends with a Chinese victory.

1963[edit]

• January 1: Premiere of the Astro Boy anime, the first to be broadcast overseas.
• January 20:
  • Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation begins.
  • Birmingham campaign.
• March 22: The Beatles' first record, Please Please Me, and the beginnings of the British Invasion.
• May 8: Beginning of the Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
• May 27: Bob Dylan releases The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan.
• June 21: Paul VI becomes Pope.
• July 26: Launch of the first geostationary satellite, Syncom 2.
• August 28: Martin Luther King Jr. delivers "I Have a Dream" speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.
• October 19: Alec Douglas-Home becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• November 2: 1963 South Vietnamese coup: Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem, the South Vietnamese President.
• November 22: Assassination of John F. Kennedy. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson assumes office as President of the United States.
• December 10–12: Independence of Kenya and Zanzibar and creation of Malaysia.
• December 25: Release date of Disney's The Sword in the Stone.

1964[edit]

• January 12: Zanzibar Revolution overthrows Afro Shiraz ruling class; Zanzibar merges with Tanganyika to form Tanzania.
• February 7: The Beatles' first visit to the United States.
• March 31–April 1: A coup d'état establishes a military dictatorship in Brazil.
• May 27: Colombian armed conflict begins.
• July 2: Civil Rights Act abolishes segregation in the USA.
• July 4: Rhodesian Bush War begins.
• July 6: Independence of Malawi.
• August 2: The Gulf of Tonkin incident led to the escalation of U.S. military involvement in the Vietnam War.
• August 29: Release date of Disney's Mary Poppins.
• September 21: Independence of Malta.
• October 14: Leonid Brezhnev ousts Khrushchev and assumes power in the Soviet Union.
• October 16: Harold Wilson becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• November 28: NASA launches the Mariner 4 space probe from Cape Kennedy toward Mars to take television pictures of that planet in July 1965.
• Establishment of Binibining Pilipinas, the longest running beauty pageant competition in the Philippines.

1965[edit]

• January 24: Death of Winston Churchill.
• February 21: Death of Malcolm X.
• March 17: The Voting Rights Act of 1965, inspired by the Selma to Montgomery marches.
• April 26: Establishment of Rede Globo, now the largest TV network in Brazil and Latin America and the second-largest in the world after ABC.
• May 18: Israeli spy Eli Cohen is hanged in Damascus.
• August 9: Singapore gains independence.
• August 30: Bob Dylan releases Highway 61 Revisited.
• August–September: Second Indo-Pakistani War.
• September 30: 30 September Movement in the Indonesia.
• November 24–25: Congo Crisis ends; Joseph Mobutu becomes dictator of the Congo.
• December 8: Second Vatican Council is closed by Pope Paul VI.
• December 30: Ferdinand Marcos becomes President of the Philippines.
• Beginning of the anti-Communist purge in Indonesia, which killed up to 500,000 people.

1966[edit]

• April 30: The Church of Satan is established in San Francisco by Anton LaVey.
• May 16:
  • The Beach Boys release Pet Sounds.
  • China's Cultural Revolution begins.
• August 11: The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation ends.
• September 30: Independence of Botswana.
• October 4: Independence of Lesotho.
• October 21: The Aberfan disaster, the catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil tip (pile of waste coal mining material) in Aberfan, Wales results in 144 deaths.
• November 30: Independence of Barbados.
• December 15: Death of Walt Disney.
• Joseph Weizenbaum, a German computer scientist at MIT, completes ELIZA, the first ever chatbot.

1967[edit]

A 0 series Shinkansen high-speed rail set in Tokyo, May 1967

• April 21: Greek military coup establishes a military dictatorship led by Georgios Papadopoulos. The dictatorship ends in 1974.
• June 5–10: The Six-Day War, a conflict between Israel and Arab states that resulted in Israel occupying the Gaza Strip, the Sinal Peninsula, the West Bank and the Golan Heights.
• July 6: Attempted secession of the Republic of Biafra from Nigeria triggers the Nigerian Civil War.
• July 17: Death of John Coltrane, American jazz saxophonist, clarinettist and composer.
• August 8: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) founded.
• October 18: Release date of Disney's The Jungle Book.
• May 26: The Beatles release their landmark album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
• December 17: Australian Prime Minister Harold Holt disappears while swimming at Cheviot Beach, Victoria.
• First high-speed rail introduced in Tokyo.
• Mid-year: Summer of Love, in which as many as 100,000 people, mostly young people sporting hippie fashions of dress and behavior, converged in San Francisco's neighborhood of Haight-Ashbury.

1968[edit]

• January–March: Protests erupt in the United States, Europe and Latin America.
• January–August: Prague Spring crushed by the Eastern Bloc military intervention.
• January–September: The Tet Offensive occurs in South Vietnam.
• February 8: 20th Century Fox releases Planet of the Apes.
• February 19: The US national debut of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood on National Education Television (NET).
• March 16: My Lai massacre, a mass murder and rape of unarmed South Vietnamese civilians by U.S. troops in the Vietnam War.
• March 21: Battle of Karameh in Jordan (part of the War of Attrition between Israel and Arab states).
• April 4: Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. during the Poor People's Campaign.
• June 5: Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy during the Poor People's Campaign.
• Another new strain of a flu in Hong Kong spreads again.
• The Troubles begin in Northern Ireland.
• Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon begins.

1969[edit]

• January 13: Samsung Electronics founded in Suwon, South Korea.
• January 20: Richard Nixon is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• March 2: Concorde 001 flies from the first time, from Toulouse, piloted by André Turcat.
• March–September: Sino-Soviet border conflict.
• June 28–July 3: The Stonewall riots in New York City instigate the gay rights movement.
• July 20: Apollo 11 Moon landing: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first two humans on the moon.
• August 8–9: The Manson Family Murders - Under Charles Manson's orders, his followers, the "Manson Family" cult, enter the home of Hollywood actress Sharon Tate and murder her and four others.
• August: The Woodstock festival in Bethel, New York, attracts an audience of more than 400,000.
• September 1: Muammar Gaddafi overthrows King Idris of Libya in a Coup d'état and establishes the Libyan Arab Republic.
• October 29: Creation of Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), the earliest incarnation of the Internet.
• November 10: Sesame Street premieres its debut episode.
• November 11: Ferdinand Marcos is re-elected to a four year term as President of the Philippines.

1970s[edit]

1970[edit]

• January 4: Drummer Keith Moon accidentally killed his friend, driver and bodyguard, Neil Boland in London.
• January 5: The first episode of All My Children airs on ABC.
• January 15: The Nigerian Civil War ends with the reintegration of the Republic of Biafra with Nigeria after ~3 million deaths.
• January 16: Colonel Muammar Gaddafi was named Prime Minister of Libya.
• January 22: Maiden flight of the Boeing 747.
• January 25: Release date of MASH.
• January 26–March 17: First Quarter Storm.
• January 26: Release of Bridge over Troubled Water.
• January 31: The Jackson 5's hit single I Want You Back reaches the number-one position on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.
• February 5: Release date of Patton.
• February 13: Release of Black Sabbath.
• February 18: Acquittal of Chicago Seven.
• March 5: Ratification of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons.
• March 26: Handley nuclear test was detonated at about 2,700 feet below the water table in Nevada.
• March 30: Release of Bitches Brew.
• April 1: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon signs Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act.
• April 10: Break-up of the Beatles.
• April 11: Apollo 13 is launched toward the Moon.
• May 4: The Kent State massacre in Ohio leaves four students dead and nine injured.
• May 8: Release of Let It Be.
• May 20: Peter Green left Fleetwood Mac.
• May 29: Release date of Airport.
• May 30: Al Kaline sustained a freak, near-fatal injury in an outfield collision.
• June 19: Edward Heath becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• June 20: Angela Davis was fired by UCLA for her use of inflammatory language.
• July 4: The first episode of American Top 40 airs on KDEO.
• July 12: Thor Heyerdahl's papyrus boat Ra II arrived in Barbados, bringing an end to its 3,200 mi (5,100 km) journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
• September 3: Death of Vince Lombardi.
• September 6: Black September in Jordan begins, lasting until mid-1971.
• September 18: Death of Jimi Hendrix.
• September 19: The first episode of The Mary Tyler Moore Show airs on CBS.
• September 20: Jim Morrison was convicted of indecent exposure and profanity by a six-person jury in Miami after a sixteen-day trial.
• September 24: The first episode of The Odd Couple airs on ABC.
• September 25: The first episode of The Partridge Family airs on ABC.
• September 28: Death of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
• October–December: FLQ seizes hostages, causing Prime Minister Pierre Elliot Trudeau of Canada to issue the War Measures Act.
• October 4: Death of Janis Joplin, American rock, soul and blues singer-songwriter.
• October 5: The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) began broadcasting as a successor to National Educational Television (NET) in the United States.
• October 15: Anwar Sadat becomes President of Egypt.
• October 26: Garry Trudeau's politically-themed comic strip, Doonesbury, made its debut in approximately 25 newspapers in the United States.
• November 3–13: The Bhola Cyclone kills 500,000 people in East Pakistan.
• November 4: Social workers in Los Angeles took custody of a 13-year-old victim of child abuse identified in studies by the pseudonym "Genie".
• November 14: Southern Airways Flight 932 crashed into a hillside near Kenova, West Virginia, killing all 75 people aboard, including 37 players and 5 coaches from the Marshall University football team.
• December 1: North Yemen Civil War ends.
• December 5: Stanley Cup, Conn Smythe Trophy and the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy were all stolen from the Hockey Hall of Fame in a failed extortion scheme.
• December 14–19: 1970 Polish protests.
• December 18: Establishment of Airbus.
• December 21: Elvis Presley was welcomed to the White House by U.S. President Nixon.
• Containerisation adopted globally, massively boosting global trade.

1971[edit]

• January 25: Idi Amin seizes power in Uganda.
• March 26: Bangladesh Liberation War occurred, independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan and precipitates Third Indo-Pakistani War.
• April 20: National Public Radio (NPR) airs its first broadcast.
• July 3: Death of Jim Morrison, American lead vocalist of the rock band the Doors.
• July 5: The 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution, formally certified by President Richard Nixon, lowers the voting age from 21 to 18.
• July 6: Death of Louis Armstrong, American musician among the most influential figures in jazz.
• July 17: Black September in Jordan ends.
• August 9–10: Internment begins in Northern Ireland.
• August 21: A bomb made of two hand grenades by communist rebels explodes in the Liberal Party campaign party in Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila the Philippines, injuring several anti-Marcos political candidates.
• October 27: Joseph Mobutu renames The Republic of the Congo Zaire.
• November 15: Intel releases the world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
• December: Third Indo-Pakistani War.
• Nixon shock removes gold back-up for the US Dollar triggering export of inflation from rich to poor nations.
• COINTELPRO officially ends.
• Greenpeace founded.

1972[edit]

• January: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman returns to Bangladesh from imprisonment in Pakistan.
• January 30: Northern Ireland's Bloody Sunday.
• February 21–28: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon makes an unprecedented 8-day visit to the People's Republic of China and meets with Mao Zedong.
• March 24: The Godfather premieres.
• March 27: The First Sudanese Civil War ends.
• May 8: The airplane serving Sabena Flight 571 from Brussels to Lod, Tel Aviv is hijacked by four members of the Black September Organization, a Palestinian terrorist group, resulting in 3 deaths and 3 injuries.
• May 26: Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT I treaty in Moscow, as well as the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and other agreements.
• May 30: Lod Airport massacre.
• September 5–6: The Munich massacre, perpetrated by the Black September terrorist organization and aimed at the Israeli Olympic team, results in 17 total deaths.
• September:
  • Martial law declared in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos.
  • Release date of the Magnavox Odyssey, the first commercial home video game console.
• November 29: The arcade game Pong, the first commercially successful video game, is released.
• Release of A Computer Animated Hand, one of the first ever computer animations.

1973[edit]

• January 22: The Supreme Court of the United States decides Roe v. Wade.
• March 1: Pink Floyd's album The Dark Side of the Moon is released in the UK.
• May 3: Construction of the Sears Tower (later renamed to Willis Tower) completed.
• May 14: The first space station, Skylab, is launched.
• September 11: 1973 Chilean coup d'état.
• October: 1973 oil crisis.
• October 6–25: Yom Kippur War.
• December 3: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.

1974[edit]

• March 4: Harold Wilson becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• March 29: First close-up images of Mercury by Mariner 10.
• April 25: Carnation Revolution in Portugal begins transition to democracy.
• July–August: The Turkish invasion of Cyprus leads to the creation of the Northern Cyprus.
• August 8–9: Watergate scandal: Resignation of Richard Nixon; Vice President Gerald Ford assumes office as President of the United States, the first person not elected as either President or Vice President to take the role.
• September 12: Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia is overthrown in a military coup.
• November 8: Release date of Disney's Robin Hood.
• November 24: Discovery of "Lucy" (Australopithecus afarensis) in Tanzania's Olduvai Gorge.
• World population reaches four billion.

1975[edit]

• January: Altair 8800, the first commercially successful personal computer, is released.
• April 4: Microsoft founded in Albuquerque, New Mexico by Bill Gates and Paul Allen.
• April 13: Bus massacre in Lebanon triggers the Lebanese Civil War which lasts until 1990
• April 17: The Cambodian Civil War ends with victory for the Khmer Rouge. Cambodian genocide begins.
• April 30: The Fall of Saigon ends the Vietnam War.
• June 25: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of emergency in India, suspending civil liberties and elections.
• August 1: The Helsinki Accords, which officially recognize Europe's national borders and respect for human rights, are signed in Finland.
• October 1: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila, Philippines.
• November 11: Angola declares independence from Portugal and Angolan Civil War erupts.
• November 20: Death of Francisco Franco.
• November 22: Juan Carlos I becomes King of Spain.
• The Killing Fields murders begin.

1976[edit]

• April 1: Steve Wozniak invents the Apple I and Steve Jobs then convinces Wozniak to sell the system, giving birth to Apple Computer.
• April 5: James Callaghan becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• July 4: Operation Entebbe, a successful counter-terrorist hostage-rescue mission carried out by commandos of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at Entebbe Airport in Uganda.
• September 9:
  • Death of Mao Zedong.
  • Release of VHS (Video Home System) in Japan.
• October 6: End of Cultural Revolution.
• Church Committee, a U.S. Senate select committee that investigated abuses by the CIA, NSA, FBI and Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
• First outbreak of the Ebola virus in Zaire.

1977[edit]

• January 20: Jimmy Carter is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• February 9: Queen Alia of Jordan is killed in helicopter crash.
• March 27: The Tenerife disaster in the Canary Islands, with 583 fatalities, marks the deadliest accident in aviation history.
• March–May: Shaba I conflict involves Safari Club.
• May 25: Star Wars is released and quickly becomes the highest-grossing film of all-time.
• May 29: A. J. Foyt wins Indianapolis 500 for fourth time.
• June 27: Djibouti gains independence from France.
• July 1: Virginia Wade wins Wimbledon singles title in the centenary year of the tournament.
• July 13: Somalia declares war on Ethiopia setting off the Ethio-Somali War .
• August 16: Death of Elvis Presley.
• August 20: Voyager 2 launched by NASA.
• September 5: Voyager 1 launched by NASA.
• September 5: German Autumn: Red Army Faction abduction of Hanns Martin Schleyer
• September 11: Release date of the Atari 2600 video game console in North America
• October 19: Suicide of members of Baader-Meinhoff Group and murder of Hanns Martin Schleyer ends crisis in West Germany
• October 26: The last wild case of smallpox is eradicated by the WHO.
• November 19: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to visit Israel in the hopes of establishing peace between the two countries
• Introduction of the first mass-produced personal computers.

1978[edit]

• March 14: 1978 South Lebanon conflict
• April 27: The War in Afghanistan begins with the Saur Revolution.
• June 22: Discovery of Pluto's moon Charon.
• July: Louise Brown is the first child successfully born after her mother received in vitro fertilisation treatment.
• August 26: John Paul I becomes pope.
• September 28: John Paul I dies, his papacy being one of the shortest in history.
• October 1: Independence of Tuvalu from Britain.
• October 9: The Uganda–Tanzania War begins.
• October 16: John Paul II becomes pope.
• November 18: Jim Jones's New religious movement, the Peoples Temple, ends in the organized mass killing and suicide of 920 people in Jonestown.
• December 18: Deng Xiaoping commences the Chinese economic reform.
• December 25: The Cambodian-Vietnamese War begins.
• December 29: The current Constitution of Spain comes into effect, which for some marks the completion of the Spanish transition to democracy.
• Beginning of the Nicaraguan Revolution.
• Invention of artificial insulin.

1979[edit]

• January 7: The Vietnamese invasion of Kampuchea ends Cambodia's Khmer Rouge regime.
• February–March: Sino-Vietnamese War.
• February 11: The Iranian Revolution ends. Shah Reza Pahlavi is overthrown and forced into exile.
• March 16: Central Treaty Organization dissolves.
• March 28: The Three Mile Island nuclear accident, a partial meltdown of reactor number 2 of Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station (TMI-2) in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg, and subsequent radiation leak.
• May 4: Margaret Thatcher becomes the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• June: Arrival of Pope John Paul II in Poland, eventually sparking the Solidarity movement.
• June 3: The Uganda–Tanzania War ends with defeat for Uganda and the exile of Idi Amin.
• June 11: Death of John Wayne.
• July 30: Eat Bulaga! premieres its debut episode.
• October 15: Beginning of the Salvadoran Civil War.
• November 4: The Iran hostage crisis begins.
• November–December: Insurgensts seize the Grand Mosque in Mecca.
• December 12: The Rhodesian Bush War ends.
• December 24: The Soviet–Afghan War begins.
• Implementation of China's one-child policy.
• 1.7 million people known to have been murdered in the Killing Fields.
• The Nicaraguan Revolution begins.
• The 1979 oil crisis becomes the second one since 1973.

1980s[edit]

1980[edit]

• March 24: Assassination of Salvadoran Archbishop Oscar Romero.
• April 18: Independence of Rhodesia, which becomes Zimbabwe.
• April 30: Queen Beatrix becomes monarch of the Netherlands.
• May 8: WHO announces the eradication of smallpox.
• May 18: 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, state of Washington, leaves approximately 57 deaths and $1 billion of property damage.
• May 21: The Empire Strikes Back is released.
• May 22: Release of Pac-Man, the best-selling arcade game.
• June 1: Launch of Cable News Network (CNN).
• July 1: Adoption of O Canada as the national anthem of Canada.
• July 30: Independence of Vanuatu.
• August 31: Solidarity union forms at Poland's Gdańsk Shipyard under Lech Wałęsa, and begins agitation for greater personal freedoms.
• September 12: Birth of Yao Ming, former basketball player for the Houston Rockets.
• September 22: Beginning of the Iran–Iraq War.
• November 4: Ronald Reagan is elected as the 40th President of the United States, the oldest person to be elected.
• November 13: Voyager 1 takes the first close-up pictures of Saturn.
• December 8: Murder of John Lennon.
• Invention of the Rubik's Cube.

1981[edit]

• January 17: Martial Law is lifted by President Marcos.
• January 20:
  • Ronald Reagan is inaugurated as President of the United States.
  • Iran releases the 52 U.S. hostages held in Tehran after 444 days.
• March 30: President Reagan and three others are injured after an assassination attempt.
• April 12: First orbital flight of the Space Shuttle.
• May 11: Reggae singer Bob Marley dies.
• May 13: Pope John Paul II assassination attempt.
• June 5: The AIDS epidemic officially begins in the United States, having originated in Africa; making this to be an ongoing pandemic.
• June 7: Operation Opera, a surprise airstrike conducted by the Israeli Air Force on an unfinished Iraqi nuclear reactor near Baghdad.
• June 12: Release date of Steven Spielberg's Raiders of the Lost Ark.
• July 29: Wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer.
• August 1: Launch of MTV.
• August 12: IBM Personal Computer released.
• August 15: EWTN airs its first broadcast.
• October 6: Assassination of Anwar Sadat.
• December 13: Martial law in Poland begins.

1982[edit]

• February 2–28: The Hama massacre in Syria, a conflict between Syria and the Muslim Brotherhood, results in a decisive Syrian victory and about 10,000 deaths.
• April 25: Israel withdraws from Sinai Peninsula.
• April–June: Falklands War.
• June 6: First Israeli invasion of Lebanon begins.
• June 11: Release date of Steven Spielberg's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.
• September 14: Princess Grace of Monaco dies following a car accident.
• October 1: Sony releases the world's first commercially sold CD Player, the Sony CDP-101.
• November 10–15: Death of Leonid Brezhnev; Yuri Andropov becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• November 30: Michael Jackson releases his landmark album Thriller, the best-selling album of all time.
• December 7: The first execution by lethal injection takes place in Texas.

1983[edit]

• January 1: Independence of Brunei.
• April 18: The Bombing of U.S. Embassy in Beirut results in 63 deaths.
• June 5: Second Sudanese Civil War begins.
• July 15: Nintendo releases the Family Computer (Famicom) video game console in Japan.
• August 21: Benigno Aquino Jr., Philippine opposition leader, is assassinated in Manila just as he returns from exile.
• September 1: Korean Air Lines Flight 007, a scheduled flight from New York City to Seoul via Anchorage, Alaska, is shot down by a Soviet Su-15 interceptor, resulting in 269 fatalities and no survivors. This leads to the declassification of GPS development.
• October: Invasion of Grenada by the United States.
• October 23: The Beirut barracks bombing results in the deaths of 307 people, hastening the removal of international peacekeeping forces in Lebanon.
• December 10: End of dictatorship in Argentina.

1984[edit]

• February 13: Konstantin Chernenko becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• April 1: Assassination of Marvin Gaye, American musician.
• October 31: Assassination of Indira Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister.
• December 3: Bhopal disaster.
• December 19: Sino-British Joint Declaration agrees to hand Hong Kong back to China by 1997.
• Operation Moses, the covert evacuation of Ethiopian Jews from Sudan during a civil war that caused a famine.
• The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is recognized as the cause of HIV/AIDS, and research on zidovudine and other treatments gets underway.
• Beginning of the 1983–85 famine in Ethiopia and the 1984-85 UK miners' strike.

1985[edit]

• March 7: Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie, USA For Africa released We Are the World.
• March 11: Mikhail Gorbachev becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• March 15: End of military leadership in Brazil.
• June: End of 1982 Lebanon War.
• July 13: Live Aid.
• August 20: Beginning of the Iran–Contra affair, a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration involving the sale of arms to the Khomeini government of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
• September 1: 73 years after the infamous disaster, the wreck of the Titanic is found off the coast of Newfoundland by a joint French–American expedition led by Jean-Louis Michel of IFREMER and Robert Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
• September 19: An earthquake in Mexico City, magnitude 8.0, kills from 5,000 to 45,000 people.
• October 1: Release date of the Macintosh 128K, the first successful mass-market personal computer to feature a graphical user interface, built-in screen, and mouse.
• October 18: North American release date of the Nintendo Entertainment System, a rebranding of Nintendo's Family Computer.
• November 13: The Armero tragedy, in which 20,000 people die following the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz stratovolcano in Tolima, Colombia.
• November 20: Windows 1.0, the first Microsoft Windows operating system, released.
• First use of DNA fingerprinting.

1986[edit]

• January 12–24: South Yemen Civil War.
• January 24: First close-up images of the planet Uranus.
• January 28: Challenger breaks apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members aboard.
• February 22–25: End of dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines.
• February 28: Assassination of Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden.
• March: Return of Halley's Comet.
• April 15: U.S. planes bomb Libya in Operation El Dorado Canyon.
• April 26: The Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine kills about 100 people.
• October 11-October 12: Reykjavík Summit: A breakthrough in nuclear arms control.
• November 3: Iran–Contra affair: The Reagan administration publicly announces that it has been selling arms to Iran in exchange for hostages and illegally transferring the profits to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

1987[edit]

• February 2: The new Constitution of the Philippines goes into effect.
• March 2: The first broadcast of TV Patrol airs on ABS-CBN.
• July 27: Release of Never Gonna Give You Up by Rick Astley.
• September: Release date of the Master System video game console in North America.
• September 10: The Battle of Cuito Cuanavale, Angola begins and further intensifies the South African Border War.
• September 13: A radioactive contamination accident in Goiânia, Brazil, leaves 249 people contaminated, four of which die.
• September 15: Huawei founded in Shenzen, China by Ren Zhengfei.
• October 14: Rescue of Jessica McClure.
• October 19: Stock market crash of 1987.
• November 22: Max Headroom signal hijacking in Chicago (WGN-TV and WTTW).
• December: The antidepressant drug fluoxetine (marketed as Prozac) becomes commercially available.
• December 8: The First Intifada between Israel and Palestine begins.
• December 8: The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C. by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
• December 9: Windows 2.0 released.
• December 20: The passenger ferry MV Doña Paz sinks after colliding with the oil tanker MT Vector 1 in the Tablas Strait in the Philippines, killing an estimated 4,000 people (history's worst peacetime maritime disaster).
• World population reaches five billion.

1988[edit]

• January 2: Beginning of the perestroika ("restructuring"), a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s associated with Gorbachev and his glasnost ("openness") policy reform.
• January 13: Lee Teng-hui takes control of Taiwan and oversee end of martial law and full democratization of island.
• January 18: First local elections under the new constitution of the Philippines are held.
• March 16: The Halabja chemical attack is carried out by Iraqi government forces, killing thousands.
• August 20: End of the Iran–Iraq War.
• September 26: Canadian athlete Ben Johnson disqualified after positive doping violation at Seoul Summer Olympics.
• October 5: Chile's Augusto Pinochet loses a national plebiscite on his rule.
• October 29: Release date of the Mega Drive video game console in Japan.
• November 2: Morris worm, first computer virus distributed through the internet.
• November 8: George H. W. Bush is elected President of the United States.
• December 2: Benazir Bhutto elected Prime Minister of Pakistan months after restoration of civilian rule in the wake of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's death in plane crash.
• December 21: Pan Am Flight 103 is destroyed by a bomb and falls over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 270 people and leaving no survivors.
• Myanmar Armed Forces launch a military coup.
• Construction of the Channel Tunnel begins.
• Invasive species, Zebra mussels, found in the Great Lakes system.

1989[edit]

• January 7: Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) dies; his son, Akihito (the Emperor Heisei) becomes Emperor of Japan.
• January 20: George H. W. Bush is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• February 2: Alfredo Stroessner is overthrown in Paraguay. End of dictatorship.
• February 14: Fatwa issued against Salman Rushdie.
• February 15: End of the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
• March 24: The oil tanker Exxon Valdez spills 10.8 million US gallons of crude oil after striking a reef, causing severe damage to the environment.
• April–June: Tiananmen Square Massacre, in which troops armed with assault rifles and accompanied by tanks fired at student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, resulting in an undisclosed number of deaths (estimated in hundreds to thousands).
• April 21: Release date of the Game Boy handheld console in Japan.
• June 3: Ruhollah Khomeini dies; Ali Khamenei becomes Supreme Leader of Iran.
• June 4:
  • 1989 Polish legislative election although the elections were not entirely democratic, they led to the formation of a government led by Tadeusz Mazowiecki and a peaceful transition to democracy in Poland and elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe.
  • 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. A crackdown takes place in Beijing on the army's approach to the square, and the final stand-off in the square is covered live on television.
• June 5: An unknown Chinese protester, "Tank Man", stands in front of a column of military tanks on Chang'an Avenue in Beijing, temporarily halting them, an incident which achieves iconic status internationally through images taken by Western photographers.
• July 31: Release date of the Game Boy handheld console in North America.
• August 14: North American release date of the Sega Genesis, a rebrand of Sega Mega Drive.
• August 25: Voyager 2 makes its closest approach to Neptune and its largest moon, Triton.
• September 22: The first episode of Baywatch airs on NBC.
• October 17: The 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake shakes the San Francisco Bay Area and the Central Coast, killing 63.
• November 9: Fall of the Berlin Wall; the Revolutions of 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Bloc begin in Europe, which leads to the end of the Cold War.
• November 15–December 17: The first direct Presidential election in Brazil since 1960.
• November 17: Release date of Disney's The Little Mermaid.
• December 1–9: A military coup attempt begins in the Philippines against the government of Philippine President Corazon C. Aquino.
• December 17: The first episode of The Simpsons premieres on Fox.
• December 20: The United States invasion of Panama begins.
• December 24: The First Liberian Civil War begins.
• December 25: Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu in Romania.

1990s[edit]

1990[edit]

• February 11: Nelson Mandela is released from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa after 27 years as a political prisoner.
• March 11: End of the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile.
• March 15: After his election in 1989, Fernando Collor begins his term as the first democratically elected President of Brazil since 1964.
• April–May: Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope.
• May 22:
  • North and South Yemen unify to form the Republic of Yemen.
  • Windows 3.0 released.
• July 16: An earthquake in Luzon happens, measuring Mw 7.7 kills more than 1,600 in the Philippines.
• August 2: Gulf War begins.
• October 3: German reunification.
• November 21: Release date of the Super Famicom in Japan.
• November 28: John Major becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• December 20: Tim Berners-Lee publishes the first web site, which described the World Wide Web project.
• The Contra War ends.
• Myanmar Armed Forces place Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change releases its first assessment report, linking increases in carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere, and a resultant rise in global temperature, to human activities.

1991[edit]

• February 28: The Gulf War ends in US withdrawal and a failed uprising.
• March 23: Beginning of the Sierra Leone Civil War.
• May 21: Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister.
• May 24–25: Operation Solomon, a covert Israeli military operation to airlift Ethiopian Jews to Israel.
• June 12–15: Mount Pinatubo erupts with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 6 and reduces global temperatures.
• June 27–July 7: The Ten-Day War in Slovenia begins the Yugoslav Wars.
• June 30: The massacre of Estrellita, Carmela, and Jennifer Vizconde in the Philippines.
• July 1: President George H. W. Bush nominates the controversial Clarence Thomas for the Supreme Court of the United States to replace Thurgood Marshall, who had announced his retirement.
• July 10: Boris Yeltsin becomes the first President of Russia.
• July 22: Tracy Edwards escapes Jeffrey Dahmer's apartment and flags down a police car and the cops search through Jeffrey's stuff and find photographs of dismembered bodies and other gruesome images, which finally leads to the arrest of Jeffrey Dahmer and ends his killing spree.
• September 16: The Senate of the Philippines rejects the bilateral treaty with United States which would have extended American use of Subic Bay Naval Base.
• September 24: Nirvana releases Nevermind, its landmark second album.
• September 28: Death of Miles Davis, American trumpeter, bandleader, and composer.
• August 12: North American release date of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, a rebranding of the Super Famicom.
• August 19: Soviet coup attempt of 1991. A coup occurs in response to a new union treaty to be signed on August 20.
• October 5: Linus Torvalds launches the first version of the Linux kernel.
• October 30–November 1: Madrid Conference of 1991.
• Early November: Tropical Storm Thelma lashes into Eastern Visayas, leaving 8,000 people dead.
• November 24: Death of Freddie Mercury, British singer, songwriter, and record producer.
• November 22: Release date of Disney's Beauty and the Beast.
• December 26:
  • Dissolution of the Soviet Union and independence of 15 former Soviet republics.
  • Beginning of the Algerian Civil War.
• Beginning of the Somali Civil War.
• 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement.

1992[edit]

• January 16: End of the Salvadorian Civil War.
• February 7: The Maastricht Treaty creates the European Union.
• April 3: End of communism in Albania.
• April 6: The Bosnian War begins.
• April–May: Los Angeles riots over the acquittal of those involved in the beating of Rodney King.
• June 30: Fidel V. Ramos becomes President of the Philippines.
• August: Hurricane Andrew kills 65 and causes $26.5 billion in damages in the Bahamas and the United States.
• August 8: After the end of its dictatorship, South Korea is admitted to the UN.
• October 4: El Al Flight 1862, in which a Boeing 747 cargo aircraft of the then state-owned Israeli airline El Al crashes into the Groeneveen and Klein-Kruitberg flats in the Bijlmermeer neighbourhood of Amsterdam, resulting in 43 deaths.
• November 25: Release date of Disney's Aladdin.
• December 29: After controversies surrounding him result in an impeachment process, Fernando Collor resigns and Itamar Franco takes office as President of Brazil.
• Discovery of the Kuiper belt and the first extrasolar planets.

1993[edit]

• January 1: Velvet Divorce between Czech Republic and Slovakia.
• January 20: Bill Clinton is inaugurated as President of the United States.
• February 26: 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
• February–April: The Waco siege, the law enforcement siege of the compound that belonged to the Seventh-day Adventist religious sect Branch Davidians near Waco, Texas, carried out by the U.S. federal government, Texas state law enforcement, and the U.S. military, which results in a gunfight, a fire at the compound and 86 deaths.
• May 24: Independence of Eritrea.
• June 11: Release date of Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park.
• June 28–29: Two UPLB students Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez were abducted and killed by the men of Calauan, Laguna Mayor Antonio Sanchez in the Philippines.
• July 27: Release date of Windows NT 3.1.
• September 13: Oslo accords end First Intifada between Israel and Palestine.
• November 1: The Maastricht Treaty founds the European Union.
• November 30: Release date of Schindler's List.
• December 2: Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar is gunned down by police.
• December 11: The Highland Towers collapse in Selangor, Malaysia, leaving 48 dead.
• 1993 child sexual abuse accusations against Michael Jackson.

1994[edit]

• January 1: Establishment of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
• January 6: Birth of Catriona Gray, Miss Universe 2018.
• February 25: Cave of the Patriarchs massacre in the West Bank, a shooting massacre carried out by American-Israeli Baruch Goldstein, which resulted in 30 deaths and 125 injuries.
• April 6: The assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira triggers the Rwandan genocide.
• April 8: Suicide of Kurt Cobain.
• May 10: End of apartheid in South Africa and election of Nelson Mandela.
• May 6: Opening of the Channel Tunnel.
• May–July: First Yemeni Civil War.
• May 1: Death of Ayrton Senna, Brazilian racing driver.
• June 15: Release date of Disney's The Lion King.
• June 23: Release date of Forrest Gump.
• July 1: Plano Real introduces the new real currency in Brazil.
• July 2: Colombian footballer Andrés Escobar is shot dead in Medellín.
• July 5: Amazon founded in Bellevue, Washington by Jeff Bezos.
• July 8–17: Death and state funeral of Kim Il-sung. Kim Jong-il becomes Supreme Leader of North Korea.
• September 21: Release date of Windows NT 3.5.
• September 28: The car ferry MS Estonia sinks in the Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.
• October 1: Palau gains independence from the United States.
• December 3: Release date of the PlayStation in Japan.
• December 6: Birth of Giannis Antetokounmpo, basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks.
• December 11: The First Chechen War begins.
• December 14: Construction of the Three Gorges Dam begins in Hubei, China.
• Rise of a wave of Palestinian terrorist attacks in Israel.

1995[edit]

• January 1:
  • Establishment of the World Trade Organization.
  • Austria, Finland and Sweden join the European Union.
• January 10–16: Second pastoral and state visit of Pope John Paul II in the Philippines, coinciding with the 10th World Youth Day (WYD) and marking the fourth centenary of the Archdiocese of Manila and the Dioceses of Cebu, Caceres and Nueva Segovia.
• January 17: A 6.9 Mw Great Hanshin earthquake strikes the southern Hyōgo Prefecture of Japan with a maximum Shindo of VII, leaving 5,502–6,434 people dead, and 251,301–310,000 displaced.
• March 17: Flor Contemplacion, a household worker convicted of murder by the High Court of Singapore, is executed, causing diplomatic tensions between the Philippines and Singapore.
• March 20: The Tokyo subway sarin attack, an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated by members of the doomsday cult movement Aum Shinrikyo (now Aleph), in which they released sarin, an extremely toxic synthetic compound, in five coordinated attacks, resulting in 13 deaths and 6,252 injuries.
• March 31: Murder of Selena.
• April 7: Release date of Disney's Pocahontas.
• April 19: American terrorist Timothy McVeigh bombs the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.
• June 29: The Sampoong Department Store collapse, a structural failure in a department store in Seoul, South Korea, kills 502 people and injures other 1,445.
• July 11–22: The Srebrenica massacre of over 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men and boys.
• July 21: The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis begins.
• August–September: NATO bombing raids in Bosnia end the Bosnian War.
• August 24: Release date of Windows 95.
• September 9: Release date of the PlayStation in North America.
• September 28: Oslo II Accord.
• October 3: O. J. Simpson is found not guilty of double murder for the deaths of former wife Nicole Simpson and Ronald Goldman in 1994.
• October 20: The first broadcast of Bubble Gang airs on GMA Network.
• October–November: Typhoon Angela leaves the Philippines and Vietnam devastated, with 882 deaths and US$315 million in damage.
• November 4: Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Prime Minister and Defence Minister, by Yigal Amir, an Israeli right-wing extremist.
• November 22: Premiere of Toy Story, the first computer-animated feature film and the first Pixar Animation Studios film.
• December 14: The signing of the Dayton Accords put an end to the three-and-a-half-year-long Bosnian War.
• The North Korean famine begins.

1996[edit]

• February 13: Nepalese Civil War begins.
• March 18: The Ozone Disco Club fire in Quezon City, Philippines, kills 162 people.
• March 23: The Third Taiwan Strait Crisis ends.
• April 28–29: The Port Arthur massacre in Tasmania, Australia leaves 35 people dead, leading to tighter gun regulations in Australia.
• June 23: Release date of the Nintendo 64 video game console in Japan.
• July 5: Dolly the sheep becomes the first successful cloned mammal.
• July 17: TWA Flight 800 crash.
• July 27: Centennial Olympic Park bombing.
• August 1: Sarah Balabagan, an OFW who was accused of killing an Arab employee, is freed.
• August 24: Release date of Windows NT 4.0.
• August 31: The First Chechen War ends.
• September 2: A permanent peace agreement is signed at the Malacañan Palace between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front.
• September 7: Murder of Tupac Shakur.
• September 27: The Taliban government takes control of Afghanistan, creating the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
• October 24: The First Congo War begins.
• November 1: Release of DVD in Japan.
• December 26: Killing of JonBenét Ramsey.
• End of dictatorship in Taiwan.
• Increasing terrorist attacks in Israel.

1997[edit]

• January–August: The Albanian Civil War (Lottery Uprising), sparked by pyramid scheme failures, in which the government was toppled, with new parliamentary elections, and more than 2,000 people killed.
• February 4: 1997 Israeli helicopter disaster, when two Israeli Air Force transport helicopters ferrying Israeli soldiers into Israel's security zone in southern Lebanon collided in mid-air, killing all 73 Israeli military personnel on board.
• March 9: Murder of Biggie Smalls, American hip-hop artist.
• March 13: Island of Peace massacre, a mass murder attack that occurred at the Island of Peace on the Israeli-Jordanian border, in which 7 people were killed and 6 injured.
• April 22: A 126-day hostage crisis at the residence of the Japanese ambassador in Lima, Peru.
• May 2: Tony Blair becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• May 17: Kabila ousts Mobutu; Zaire becomes the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• May 21: Radiohead release OK Computer.
• June 25: J. K. Rowling publishes Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.
• June 27: Release date of Disney's Hercules.
• July 1: Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China.
• July 2: The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis.
• July 15: Fashion designer Gianni Versace is murdered by Andrew Cunanan.
• August 2: The First Liberian Civil War ends.
• August 29: Netflix is launched.
• August 31: Diana, Princess of Wales is killed in a car accident in Paris.
• December 19: Release date of Titanic.
• Sound barrier broken on land.

1998[edit]

• February: Osama bin Laden publishes a fatwa against the West.
• February 2: Cebu Pacific Flight 387 crashes on the slopes between Mount Sumagaya and Mount Lumot in Claveria, Misamis Oriental, killing all 104 people on board.
• May: Riots in Indonesia, including incidents of mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest of a racial nature, result in the Fall of Suharto and the independence of East Timor.
• May 28: Murder of Phil Hartman.
• June 30: Joseph Estrada becomes President of the Philippines.
• April 10: The Good Friday Agreement brings an end to The Troubles in Northern Ireland.
• April 15: Death of Pol Pot.
• August 2: The Second Congo War begins.
• August 7: Kenya and Tanzania bombings.
• August 15: Omagh bombing.
• September 4: Google is founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.
• October 21: Release date of Nintendo's Game Boy Color handheld console in Japan.
• October–November: Hurricane Mitch leaves more than 19,325 dead in Central America as a result of catastrophic flooding and mudslides.
• November 17: Release date of Nintendo's Game Boy Color handheld console in North America.
• November 27: Sega releases the Dreamcast video game console in Japan.
• December 19: The impeachment of Bill Clinton begins as a result of the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal.
• The North Korean famine has killed an estimated 2.5 million people by this point.

1999[edit]

• January 1: Euro introduced to the financial markets. Coins and banknotes enter circulation in participating countries in 2002.
• February 2: Hugo Chavez becomes President of Venezuela.
• February 5: Rape convict Leo Echegaray is executed by lethal injection at the National Penitentiary in Muntinlupa; becoming the first Filipino to be meted the sentence since the country's last public execution in 1976 and the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1993; also first execution by that method.
• April: A crisis in East Timor, which led to 1,400 deaths, begins.
• April 20: The Columbine High School massacre in Colorado, United States, causes 15 deaths.
• April 21: The Second Liberian Civil War begins.
• May 1: The first episode of SpongeBob SquarePants airs on Nickelodeon.
• May–July: The Fourth Indo-Pakistani War.
• June 11: The end of the Kosovo War ends the Yugoslav Wars.
• June 18: Release date of Disney's Tarzan.
• July 16: John F. Kennedy Jr. plane crash.
• August 3: At least 58 people die and hundreds of homes are buried in a massive landslide in Cherry Hills subdivision in Antipolo, Rizal, which has caused by the heavy rains brought by Typhoon Olga.
• August 26: The Second Chechen War begins.
• September 3–16: Russian apartment bombings kill more than 350 people.
• September 9: Sega releases the Dreamcast video game console in North America.
• October 5: Thirty-one people die in the Ladbroke Grove rail crash, west of London, England.
• October 12: World population reaches 6 billion.
• October 31: EgyptAir Flight 990, travelling from New York City to Cairo, crashes off the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts, killing all 217 on board.
• November 30: ExxonMobil founded.
• December 3: Tori Murden becomes the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean by rowboat alone, when she reaches Guadeloupe from the Canary Islands.
• December 20: The sovereignty of Macau is transferred from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China after 442 years of Portuguese settlement.
• December 31:
  • Vladimir Putin becomes the President of Russia.
  • The U.S. turns over complete administration of the Panama Canal to the Panamanian Government, as stipulated in the Torrijos–Carter Treaties of 1977.

2000s[edit]

2000[edit]

• January 1: The first day of the 3rd millennium is mistakenly celebrated on New Year's Day (3rd millennium actually began in 2001), though not without dispute.
• February 9: Torrential rains in Africa lead to the worst flooding in Mozambique in 50 years, which lasts until March and kills 800 people.
• February 29: A rare century leap year date occurs.
• March 12: Pope John Paul II apologizes for the wrongdoings by members of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the ages.
• March 17: 778 members of the Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God die in Uganda.
• April 30: The Canonization of Faustina Kowalska occurs in the presence of 200,000 people and the first Divine Mercy Sunday celebrated worldwide.
• March 4: The Sony PlayStation 2 releases in Japan. The system would go on to become the highest-selling video game console in history, selling over 155 million units around the world before being discontinued in 2013.[1]
• April–September: Abu Sayyaf gunmen seized 21 people including 10 tourists and 11 resort workers, two of them Filipinos, from the resort island of Sipadan, Malaysia.
• April 19: Air Philippines Flight 541 explodes and crashes into a coconut plantation in Island Garden City of Samal, killing all 131 people on board.
• May: End of Israeli occupation of Lebanon.
• May 5: The ILOVEYOU computer virus affects Windows computers and spreads fast.
• May 6: The British Army launches Operation Palliser which effectively ends the Sierra Leone Civil War.
• May 11: India becomes the second country to reach 1 billion people.
• June 10: Syrian President Hafez al-Assad dies.
• June 13–15: 2000 inter-Korean summit, the first inter-Korean summit.
• June 15: Premiere of Disney's Fantasia 2000.
• June 17: A centennial earthquake (6.5 on the Richter scale) hits Iceland on its national day.
• June 28: Elián González returns to Cuba with his father, Juan Miguel González, ending a protracted custody battle.
• July 1: The Øresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden is officially opened for traffic.
• July 7: The draft assembly of Human Genome Project is announced at the White House by US President Bill Clinton, Francis Collins, and Craig Venter.
• July 9: Philippine forces capture the main camp of MILF, Camp Abubakar in Mindanao.
• July 10: At least 218 people are killed, about 700 are missing and presumed dead, and about 800 shanties are buried in a collapse of a dumpsite, destabilized by torrential rains caused by tropical cyclones, in Payatas, Quezon City.
• July 14: A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
• July 17: Bashar al-Assad becomes President of Syria.
• July 25: Air France Flight 4590 crashes into a hotel in Gonesse, France just after takeoff from Paris, killing all 109 aboard and 4 in the hotel.
• August 12: The Russian submarine Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea during one of the largest Russian naval exercises since the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, resulting in the deaths of all 118 men on board.
• September 6–8: The Millennium Summit, a meeting among many world leaders at the United Nations headquarters in New York City with the purpose of discussing the role of the United Nations at the turn of the 21st century.
• September 10: A British military operation to free five soldiers from the Royal Irish Regiment that were held captive for over two weeks during the Sierra Leone Civil War, all of which were rescued.
• September 13: Steve Jobs introduces the public beta of Mac OS X for US$29.95.
• September 26: The Greek ferry Express Samina sinks off the coast of the island of Paros; 80 out of a total of over 500 passengers perish in one of Greece's worst sea disasters.
• September 28: The Second Intifada begins.
• September 29: HM Prison Maze, a prison used to incarcerate members of illegal paramilitaries during the Troubles in Northern Ireland closes as a result of the Good Friday Agreement.
• October 5: Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia.
• October 12: al-Qaeda suicide bombs the USS Cole, killing 17 sailors, injuring 39 others, and damaging the ship.
• October 26: Release date of the Sony PlayStation 2 in North America.
• December 1: Vicente Fox becomes the first opposition President of Mexico, ending 71 years of single-party rule in the nation.
• November 2: First long-term residents (Expedition 1) of the International Space Station, whose first component was launched in 1998.
• November 7: George W. Bush is elected President of the United States, after a contentious recount in Florida.
• November 13: The impeachment of Joseph Estrada begins as a result of the Juetengate scandal.
• December 25: The Luoyang Christmas fire at a shopping center in China kills 309 people.
• December 30: Multiple terrorist bombings in Metro Manila occurs on Rizal Day, killing 22 people and injuring more than 120 others.

See also[edit]

• 20th century in fiction

Further reading[edit]

• Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present (1970) online

References[edit]

1. ^ GameCentral staff (June 27, 2013). "Xbox 360 beats Wii as the UK's best-selling console". Metro. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019. Retrieved October 31, 2013.

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