The researchers in the tgn1412 trial contributed to the harm to their human participants by:
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Journal of Animal Ethics Vol. 8, No. 1 (Spring 2018) , pp. 1-11 (11 pages) Published By: University of Illinois Press https://doi.org/10.5406/janimalethics.8.1.0001 https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/janimalethics.8.1.0001 Read and download Log in through your school or library With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. Get StartedAlready have an account? Log in Monthly Plan
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Abstract Animals are used in biomedical research to study disease, develop new medicines, and test them for safety. As the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics' review Normalising the Unthinkable acknowledges, many great strides in medicine have involved animals. However, their contribution has not always been positive. Decades of attempts to develop treatments for diseases including asthma, cancer, stroke, and Alzheimer's using animals have failed to translate to humans, leaving patients with inadequate treatments or without treatments at all. As Normalising the Unthinkable points out, we have to confront the fact that animal research may have hindered progress, at least in some respects. For example, animal tests have been shown to have very little ability to predict the safety of medicines for human patients. A dramatic illustration of this failing is TGN1412, which almost killed 6 clinical trial volunteers in 2006, after crab-eating macaques showed the drug to be safe, even at massive doses. This failing contributes to adverse drug reactions, which are now one of the world's leading causes of death, killing hundreds of thousands of people every year and hospitalizing millions. A revolution in science and technology has produced a new generation of more relevant and predictive tools, which could be used to create safer medicines more quickly and at less cost: a win-win situation that should be supported by everyone. The obstacle preventing this from happening is governments' continued insistence on animal testing. Yet the evidence is clear that reliance on animals as surrogate humans puts patients at risk, can delay medical progress, and can cause effective treatments to be wrongly discarded. There is a compelling case to be made that animal research is an ethical issue for humans as well as for animals. Journal Information The Journal of Animal Ethics is devoted to the exploration of progressive thought about animals. It is multidisciplinary in nature and international in scope. It covers theoretical and applied aspects of animal ethics of interest to academics from the humanities and the sciences, as well as professionals working in the field of animal protection. Publisher Information Founded in 1918, the University of Illinois Press (www.press.uillinois.edu) ranks as one of the country's larger and most distinguished university presses. The Press publishes more than 120 new books and 30 scholarly journals each year in an array of subjects including American history, labor history, sports history, folklore, food, film, American music, American religion, African American studies, women's studies, and Abraham Lincoln. The Press is a founding member of the Association of American University Presses as well as the History Cooperative, an online collection of more than 20 history journals. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Get help with accessInstitutional accessAccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: IP based accessTypically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. Sign in through your institutionChoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
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Signed in but can't access contentOxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Institutional account managementFor librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more. What are some of the ethical issues of clinical trials with humans?To preserve human dignity and the rights of subjects, clinical trials must follow a framework of seven ethical principles:. Social and clinical value. ... . Scientific validity. ... . Fair subject selection. ... . Favorable risk-benefit ratio. ... . Independent review. ... . Informed consent. ... . Respect for subjects.. What ethical issues surrounding medical research trials seem most controversial?The lack of voluntary, informed participation and adequately informed consent are probably the most common problems. Cases of trials that did not undergo adequate ethical review or failed to report serious adverse events indicate flaws in the regulation of clinical trials.
Why are clinical trials unethical?Clinical trials may be unethical because participants in the clinical trials assume equipoise i.e. that the chance of finding a benefit or a harm are equal and written signed consents are required.
In what circumstances might your human participants protocol be considered for expedited review?Your research may qualify for expedited review if it: Presents 'no more than minimal risk' to human participants. Has been previously reviewed and only a minor change is being made to something otherwise fully approved within the last year (and various other stipulations are also fulfilled)
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