Hai este x y có cùng công thức c8h8o2 và chứa vòng benzen cho 13,6

Hai este X, Y có cùng công thức phân tử C8H8O2 và chứa vòng benzen trong phân tử. Cho 6,8 gam hỗn hợp gồm X và Y tác dụng với NaOH dư, đun nóng, lượng NaOH phản ứng tối đa là 0,07 mol, thu được dung dịch Z chứa 6,0 gam ba muối. Khối lượng muối của axit cacboxylic có phân tử khối lớn hơn trong Z là

A.

A: 1,64 gam.

B.

B: 2,04 gam.

C.

C: 2,32 gam.

D.

D: 2,46 gam.

Đáp án và lời giải

Đáp án:A

Lời giải:

Vì 2 este mà có 3 muối nên có 1 este của phenol hoặc đồng đẳng của phenol [Y]

nX = a, nY = b -> a + b = 0,05 , a + 2b = 0,07 -> a = 0,03 , b = 0,02

X: C6H5COOCH3 hoặc HCOOCH2C6H5 Y: HCOOC6H5CH3 hoặc CH3COOC6H5 Với Y, khối lượng muối tạo ra luôn là 0,02[136+40.2-18]=3,96

-> Muối X: M =

=>X: HCOOCH2C6H5 => Y : CH3COOC6H5 [3 muối]

=> mCH3COONa = 82.0,02 = 1,64

Vậy đáp án đúng là A

Câu hỏi thuộc đề thi sau. Bạn có muốn thi thử?

Bài tập trắc nghiệm 60 phút Tính chất hoá học Este - Este - Hóa học 12 - Đề số 13

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• Hai este X, Y có cùng công thức phân tử C8H8O2 và chứa vòng benzen trong phân tử. Cho 6,8 gam hỗn hợp gồm X và Y tác dụng với NaOH dư, đun nóng, lượng NaOH phản ứng tối đa là 0,07 mol, thu được dung dịch Z chứa 6,0 gam ba muối. Khối lượng muối của axit cacboxylic có phân tử khối lớn hơn trong Z là

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• Thủy phân hoàn toàn 0,15 mol một este X [không chứa nhóm chức khác] cần dùng vừa đủ100 gam dung dịch NaOH 18%, thu được một ancol và 36,9 gam hỗn hợp muối của hai axit cacboxylic đơn chức. Công thức phân tửcủa hai axit là:

• Đốtcháyhoàntoàn 0,33 molhỗnhợpXgồmmetylpropionat, metylaxetatvà 2 hidrocacbonmạchhởcầnvừađủ 1,27 mol O2, tạora 14,4 gam H2O. Nếucho 0,33 molXvào dung dich Br2dưthìsốmol Br2phảnứngtốiđalà :

• Cho X, Y là hai chất thuộc dãy đồng đẳng của axit acrylic [MX < MY]; cho Z là ancol có cùng số nguyên tử cacbon với X; T là este hai chức tạo bởi X, Y và Z. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 11,16 gam hỗn hợp E gồm X, Y, Z, T cần vừa đủ 13,216 lít khí O2 [đktc], thu được khí CO2 và 9,36 gam nước. Mặt khác 11,16 gam E tác dụng tối đa với dung dịch chứa 0,04 mol Br2. Khối lượng muối thu được khi cho cùng lượng E trên tác dụng với KOH dư là m gam. Giá trị gần nhất với m là

• Xà phòng hóa hoàn toàn một hợp chất hữu cơ có công thức phân tử C10H14O6trong dung dịch NaOH dư, thu được glixerol và hỗn hợp gồm ba muối [Không có đồng phân hình học]. Công thức cấu tạo của ba muối đó là:

• Cho 34 gam hỗn hợp X gồm 2 este đơn chức mạch hở đều thuộc hợp chất thơm [tỉ khối hơi của X so với O2 luôn bằng 4,25 với mọi tỉ lệ mol của 2 este]. Cho X tác dụng vừa đủ với 175 ml dung dịch NaOH 2M. Cô cạn dung dịch sau phản ứng thu được hỗn hợp Y gồm hai muối khan. Thành phần phần trăm về khối lượng của 2 muối trong Y là:

• Cho các phản ứng xảy ra theo sơ đồ:

  X + NaOH

  Y + Z

  Y [rắn] + NaOH [rắn]

  CH4 + Na2CO3

  Z + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O

  CH3COONH4 + 2NH4NO3 + 2Ag.

  Có các nhận định sau:

  [a] Không thể điều chế X bằng phản ứng este hoá giữa axit và ancol.

  [b] Cho Y vào dung dịch HCl dư thu được axit hữu cơ T. Lực axit của T mạnh hơn HCOOH.

  [c] Z có khả năng cộng brom làm nước brom bị mất màu.

  [d] X có khả năng tham gia phản ứng tráng bạc.

  [e] Dung dịch của Y trong nước có môi trường kiềm.

  [g] Z tan tốt trong nước.

  Số nhận định đúng là:

• Khi xà phòng hóa tristearin ta thu được sản phẩm là:

• Xàphòng hóa hoàn toàn 2,96 gam HCOOC2H5bằng một lượng dung dịch NaOH vừa đủ. Côcạn dung dịch sau phản ứng, thu được m gam muối khan. Giátrịcủa m là:

• Hỗn hợp X gồm một axit cacboxylic đơn chức Y, một ancol đơn chức Z, một este tạo ra từ Y và Z. Khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn 6,2 gam X thì thu được 0,31 mol CO2 và 0,28 mol H2O. Còn khi cho 6,2 gam X phản ứng vừa đủ với 50 ml dung dịch NaOH 1M, đun nóng, thì thu được 0,04 mol Z. Thành phần % số mol của axit Y trong hỗn hợp X là:

• Đun nóng este CH3COOC6H5 [phenyl axetat] với lượng dư dung dịch NaOH, thu được các sản phẩm hữu cơ là

• Đốt cháy m gam hỗn hợp X gồm etyl axetat. Axit acrylic và andehit axetic rồi cho toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy hấp thụ hết vào bình đựng nước vôi trong dư thu được 45 gam kết tủa và khối lượng bình nước vôi trong tăng 27 gam. Số mol axit acrylic có trong m gam hỗn hợp X là[cho Ca=40; C=12; O=16, H=1]

• Hợp chất hữu cơ X[C,H,O] và chứa vòng benzen. Cho 0,05 mol X vào dung dịch NaOH 10% [ lấy dư 20% so với lượng cần phản ứng ] đến phản ứng hoàn toàn, Cô cạn dung dịch thu được chất rắn khan Y và phần hơi Z chỉ chứa 1 chất. Ngưng tụ Z rồi cho phản ứng với Na dư thu được 41,44 lit H2[dktc]. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn Y thu được 0,09 mol Na2CO3 ; 0,26 mol CO2 và 0,14 mol H2O. Biết X có Công thức trùng với công thức đơn giản nhất. Giá trị của m là :

• Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 8,16 gam este X [no, đơn chức, mạch hở] thu được 7,2 gam nước. Cũng 8,16 gam X nói trên phản ứng vừa đủ với dung dịch NaOH được 3,68 gam ancol Y và m gam muối Z. Giá trị m là:

• Hỗn hợp X gồm các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam hỗn hợp X bằng một lượng oxi vừa đủ. Toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy được dẫn chậm qua dung dịch H2SO4 đặc, dư thấy khối lượng bình axit tăng m gam và có 13,44 lít khí thoát ra [đktc]. Giá trị của m là:

• Hợpchất X cócôngthứcphântử C4H6O3. X phảnứngđượcvới Na, NaOHvàcóphảnứngtrángbạc. Côngthứccấutạocủa X cóthểlà

• Este nào sau đây khi đun nóng với lượng dư dung dịch NaOH, thu được các sản phẩm hữu cơ đều không làm mất màu nước brom?

• Hỗn hợp hai chất hữu cơ tác dụng với dung dịch NaOH thu được hai muối của hai axit đơn chức và một rượu. Hai chất hữu cơ đó là:

  [1] X, Y là hai este của cùng một rượu.

  [2] X, Y là hai este của cùng một axit.

  [3] X, Y là một este và một axit.

  [4] X, Y là một este và một rượu.

  Những câu đúng là:

• Thủy phân m gam hỗn hợp X gồm một số este đơn chức, mạch hở bằng dung dịch NaOH vừa đủ thu được a gam hỗn hợp muối và b gam hỗn hợp ancol. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn a gam hỗn hợp muối trong O2 vừa đủ thu được hỗn hợp khí Y và 11,13 gam Na2CO3. Dẫn toàn bộ Y qua ình đựng dung dịch Ca[OH]2 dư, thu được 34,5 gam kết tủa, đồng thời thấy khối lượng bình tăng 19,77 gam so với ban đầu. Đun b gam hỗn hợp ancol với H2SO4 đặc ở 140oC thu được 6,51 gam hỗn hợp các ete. Các phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn. Gía trị m là:

• Este có CTPT C4H8O2, tham gia phản ứng tráng bạc có tên là: [1] Etylfomat; [2] metylxetat; [3] propylfomat; [4] isopropylfomat; [5] etylaxetat

• Cho m gam hợp chất hữu cơ X có công thức phân tửlà C3H6O2tác dụng hoàn toàn với 200 ml dung dịch KOH 0,7M thu được dung dịch Y. Cô cạn Y thu được 12,88 gam chất rắn khan. Công thức cấu tạo của X và giá trịcủa m là:

• Geranylaxetat là một este đơn chức, mạch hở có mùi hoa hồng. X tác dụng với Br2 trong CCl4 theo tỷ lệ mol 1:2. Trong phân tử X, cacbon chiếm 73,47% theo khối lượng. Tổng số nguyên tử có trong phân tử geranylaxetat là:

• Thủy phân hoàn toàn 0,15 mol một este X [ không chứa nhóm chức khác] cần dùng vừa đủ 100 gam dung dịch NaOH 18%, thu được một ancol và 36,9 gam hỗn hợp muối của hai axit cacboxylic đơn chức. Công thức phân tử của hai axit là:

• Cho 0,5 mol hỗn hợp X gồm 2 este đơn chức tác dụng vừa đủ với 400ml dung dịch NaOH 2M đun nóng, thu được hợp chất hữu cơ no mạch hở Y có phản ứng tráng bạc và 80 gam hỗn hợp muối hữu cơ. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn Y rồi cho sản phẩm hấp thụ hết vào bình chứa dung dịch nước vôi trong dư, thấy khối lượng bình tăng 24,8 gam. Khối lượng của X là:

• Este ứng với công thức cấu tạo nào sau đây khi thủy phân hoàn toàn trong dung dịch NaOH đun nóng, thu được sản phẩm gồm hai muối và ancol?

• X làmộtsảnphẩmcủaphảnứngestehoágiữaglyxerolvớihaiaxit: axitpanmiticvàaxit stearic. Hóahơi 59,6 g este X thuđượcmộtthểtíchđúngbằngthểtíchcủa 2,8 g khínitơ ở cùngđiềukiện. Tổngsốnguyêntửcacbontrong 1 phântử X là

• Đốt cháy hoàn toàn amol este no, mạch hởX thu được bmol CO2và cmol H2O với [b – c = a] và thành phần phần trăm khối lượng cacbon trong X là 40,68%. Cho mgam X tác dụng với 250 ml dung dịch NaOH 1M rồi cô cạn cẩn thận thu được 15,4 gam chất rắn. Giá trịcủa mcó thểlà:

• Este X có công thức phân tử C2H4O2. Đun nóng 9,0 gam X trong dung dịch NaOH vừa đủ đến khi phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn thu được m gam muối. Giá trị của m là:

• Đun nóng este CH3OOCCH=CH2 với một lượng vừa đủ dung dịch NaOH, sản phẩm thu được là:

• Chất hữu cơ X mạch hở được tạo ra từ axit no A và etylenglicol. Biết rằng a gam X ở thể tích hơi chiếm thể tích bằng thể tích của 6,4 gam oxi ở cùng điều kiện nhiệt độ và áp suất; a gam X phản ứng hết với xút tạo ra 32,8 gam muối. Nếu cho 200 gam A phản ứng với 50 gam etylen glicol ta thu được 87,6 gam este. Tên của X và hiệu suất phản ứng tạo ra X là:

• Thuỷ phân 8,8 gam etyl axetat bằng 200 ml dung dịch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn, cô cạn dung dịch, thu được m gam chất rắn khan. Giá trị của m là:

• Thủy phân este Xcó CTPT C4H6O2. Khi Xtác dụng với dung dịch NaOH thu được hỗn hợp 2 chất hữu cơ Yvà Ztrong đó Zcó tỉkhối hơi so với H2là 16. Tên của Xlà:

• Este X không tác dụng với Na. X tác dụng dd NaOH thu được một ancol duy nhất là CH3OH vàmuối natri ađipat. CTPT của X là:

Một số câu hỏi khác có thể bạn quan tâm.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn all the other things they learn to do without being taught - to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle - compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.

  Question: The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are ________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn all the other things they learn to do without being taught - to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle - compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.

  Question: Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by ________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn all the other things they learn to do without being taught - to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle - compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let’s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, and marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?” Don’t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.

  Question: The word “complicated” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: Wiki software enables_________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: We can say that Jimmy Wales_________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: Wikipedia is a[n]_________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: The word “brainchild” in the second paragraph of the passage can be best replaced by________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: Microsoft’s Encarta is cited in the passage as an example of_________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: The user of Wikipedia can do all of the following EXCEPT_________.

• Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C,or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:

  The goal of Internet-based encyclopedia Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] is to give everyone on the planet access to information. Like other encyclopedias, Wikipedia contains lots of information: more than 2.5 million articles in 200 different languages covering just about every subject. Unlike other encyclopedias, however, Wikepedia is not written by experts, but by ordinary people. These writers are not paid and their names are not published. They contribute to Wikipedia simply because they want to share their knowledge. Encyclopedias began in ancient times as collections of writings about all aspects of human knowledge. The word itself comes from ancient Greek, and means “a complete general education”. Real popularity for encyclopedias came in the nineteenth century in Europe and the United States, with the publication of encyclopedias written for ordinary readers. With the invention of the CD-ROM, the same amount of information could be put on a few computer discs. Then with the Internet, it became possible to create an online encyclopedia that could be constantly updated, like Microsoft’s Encarta. However, even Internet-based encyclopedias like Encarta were written by paid experts. At first, Wikipedia, the brainchild of Jimmy Wales, a businessman in Chicago, was not so different from these. In 2001, he had the idea for an Internet-based encyclopedia that would provide information quickly and easily to everyone. Furthermore, that information would be available free, unlike other Internet encyclopedias at that time. But Wales, like everyone else, believed that people with special knowledge were needed to write the articles, and so he began by hiring experts. He soon changed his approach, however, as it took them a long time to finish their work. He decided to open up the encyclopedia in a radical new way, so that everyone would have access not only to the information, but also to the process of putting this information online. To do this, he used what is known as “Wiki” software [from the Hawaiian word for “fast”], which allows users to create or alter content on web page. The system is very simple: When you open the web site, you can simply search for information or you can log on to become a writer or editor of articles. If you find an article that interests you – about your hometown, for example – you can correct it or expand it. This process goes on until no one is interested in making any more changes.

  Question: The word “approach” in the third paragraph of the passage means_________.