A class can have a member variable that is an instance of another class. this is called
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In this articleClasses and structs have members that represent their data and behavior. A class's members include all the members declared in the class, along with all members (except constructors and finalizers) declared in all classes in its inheritance hierarchy. Private members in base classes are inherited but are not accessible from derived classes. The following table lists the kinds of members a class or struct may contain:
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In this articleA field is a variable of any type that is declared directly in a class or struct. Fields are members of their containing type. A class or struct may have instance fields, static fields, or both. Instance
fields are specific to an instance of a type. If you have a class Generally, you should use fields only for variables that have private or protected accessibility. Data that your type exposes to client code should be provided through methods, properties, and indexers. By using these constructs for indirect access to internal fields, you can guard against invalid input values. A private field that stores the data exposed by a public property is called a backing store or backing field. Fields typically store the data that must be accessible to more than one type method and must be stored for longer than the lifetime of any single method. For example, a type that represents a calendar date might have three integer fields: one for the month, one for the day, and one for the year. Variables that aren't used outside the scope of a single method should be declared as local variables within the method body itself. Fields are declared in the class or struct block by specifying the access level of the field, followed by the type of the field, followed by the name of the field. For example:
To access a field in an instance, add a period after the instance name, followed by the name of the field, as in
A field can be given an initial value by using the assignment operator when the field is declared. To automatically assign the
Fields are initialized immediately before the constructor for the object instance is called. If the constructor assigns the value of a field, it will overwrite any value given during field declaration. For more information, see Using Constructors. Note A field initializer cannot refer to other instance fields. Fields can be marked as public, private, protected, internal, protected internal, or private protected. These access modifiers define how users of the type can access the fields. For more information, see Access Modifiers. A field can optionally be declared static. Static fields are available to callers at any time, even if no instance of the type exists. For more information, see Static Classes and Static Class Members. A
field can be declared readonly. A read-only field can only be assigned a value during initialization or in a constructor. A A field can be declared required. A required field must be initialized by the constructor, or by an object initializers when an object is created. You add the System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SetsRequiredMembersAttribute attribute to any constructor declaration that initializes all required members. The C# language specificationFor more information, see the C# Language Specification. The language specification is the definitive source for C# syntax and usage. See also
FeedbackSubmit and view feedback for What are the variables that are shared by every instances of a class called?Class variables, often referred to as static variables, are shared across all instances of a class. Every instance points to same value and any changes are seen by all.
What happens when we create an instance of a class?you declare an instance variable. Every time you create an instance of a class, the runtime system creates one copy of each the class's instance variables for the instance. You can access an object's instance variables from an object as described in Using Objects.
Which type of function is not a member of a class but has access to the private members of the class?A friend function is a function that isn't a member of a class but has access to the class's private and protected members.
What is the difference between a class and an instance of a class quizlet?A class describes a data type. An instance of a class is an object of the data type that exists in memory.
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