Which access modifier is used to access members outside a package?
What are Access Modifiers?In Java, access modifiers are used to set the accessibility (visibility) of classes, interfaces, variables, methods, constructors, data members, and the setter methods. For example, Show
In the above example, we have declared 2 methods: method1() and method2(). Here,
Note the keyword Note: You cannot set the access modifier of getters methods. Types of Access ModifierBefore you learn about types of access modifiers, make sure you know about Java Packages. There are four access modifiers keywords in Java and they are:
Default Access ModifierIf we do not explicitly specify any access modifier for classes, methods, variables, etc, then by default the default access modifier is considered. For example,
Here, the Logger class has the default access modifier. And the class is visible to all the classes that belong to the defaultPackage package. However, if we try to use the Logger class in another class outside of defaultPackage, we will get a compilation error. Private Access ModifierWhen variables and methods are declared
In the above example, we have declared a private variable named name. When we run the program, we will get the following error:
The error is generated because we are trying to access the private variable of the Data class from the Main class. You might be wondering what if we need to access those private variables. In this case, we can use the getters and setters method. For example,
Output: The name is Programiz In the above example, we have a private variable named name. In order to access the variable from the outer class, we have used methods: Here, we have
used the setter method ( We have used Note: We cannot declare classes and interfaces private in Java. However, the nested classes can be declared private. To learn more, visit Java Nested and Inner Class. Protected Access ModifierWhen methods and data members are declared
Output: I am an animal In the above example, we
have a protected method named We then created an object dog of the Dog class. Using the object we tried to access the protected method of the parent class. Since protected methods can be accessed from the child classes, we are able to access the method of Animal class from the Dog class. Note: We cannot declare classes or interfaces Public Access ModifierWhen methods, variables, classes, and so on are declared
Output: I am an animal. I have 4 legs. Here,
Access Modifiers Summarized in one figureAccessibility of all Access Modifiers in JavaAccess modifiers are mainly used for encapsulation. It can help us to control what part of a program can access the members of a class. So that misuse of data can be prevented. To learn more about encapsulation, visit Java Encapsulation. Which access modifier is accessing in any class or package?Public Access Modifier - Public
A class, method, constructor, interface, etc. declared public can be accessed from any other class.
Can we access default access modifier from outside the package?The default modifier is accessible only within package. It cannot be accessed from outside the package. It provides more accessibility than private. But, it is more restrictive than protected, and public.
What are the 3 types of access modifiers?Simply put, there are four access modifiers: public, private, protected and default (no keyword).
Which of the access modifier is within the package and outside the package through child class?The protected modifier specifies that the member can only be accessed within its own package (as with package-private) and, in addition, by a subclass of its class in another package.
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