What is Ctrl A in Windows?

Copy: Ctrl + C
Cut: Ctrl + X
Paste: Ctrl + V
Maximize Window: F11 or Windows logo key + Up arrow
Open Task View: Windows logo key + Tab
Display and hide the desktop: Windows logo key + D
Switch between open apps: Alt + Tab
Open the Quick Link menu: Windows logo key + X
Lock your PC: Windows logo key + L

Depending on your hardware, you can use Windows logo key + PrtScn to take a screenshot, or use Fn + Windows logo key + Spacebar.

See all Windows 11 keyboard shortcuts

Copy: Ctrl + C
Cut: Ctrl + X
Paste: Ctrl + V
Maximize Window: F11 or Windows logo key + Up arrow
Open Task View: Windows logo key + Tab
Display and hide the desktop: Windows logo key + D
Switch between open apps: Alt + Tab
Open the Quick Link menu: Windows logo key + X
Lock your PC: Windows logo key + L

Depending on your hardware, you can use Windows logo key + PrtScn to take a screenshot, or use Fn + Windows logo key + Spacebar.

See all Windows 10 keyboard shortcuts

Updated: 12/31/2020 by

Alternatively known as Control+A, ^a, and C-a, Ctrl+A is a keyboard shortcut often used to select all text, files, pictures, or other objects while in a graphical user environment.

Tip

On Apple computers, the keyboard shortcut to select all is Command+A.

How to use the Ctrl+A keyboard shortcut

To use this keyboard shortcut, press and hold either Ctrl key, and while continuing to hold, press A.

Ctrl+A in Excel and other spreadsheet programs

In Microsoft Excel and all other spreadsheet programs, pressing Ctrl+A selects all cells in the spreadsheet.

Note

If you're editing the contents of a cell and press Ctrl+A, nothing will happen.

Full list of Excel shortcuts.
Google Sheets shortcuts.

Ctrl+A in Microsoft PowerPoint

In Microsoft PowerPoint, Ctrl+A has the following functions.

In the Normal view, select all contents of the slide.
In the Slide Sorter view, select all slides.
In the Slide Show view, change the pen tool to the normal cursor.

Full list of PowerPoint shortcuts.

Ctrl+A in Word and other word processors

In Microsoft Word and other word processors, pressing Ctrl+A selects all of the text in the document. If you're working with a document with multiple pages, this keyboard shortcut selects all text on all pages.

Tip

To select one page's text, highlight the text using the mouse or move the text cursor before the first word, hold down Shift, and click the end of the page.

Full list of Microsoft Word shortcuts.
How to highlight or select text.

Using Ctrl+A in an Internet browser

All major Internet browsers [e.g., Chrome, Edge, Firefox] pressing Ctrl+A selects all text, images, and other objects on the page. If you do not want to select everything it may be better to use the mouse to select only what you want.

Firefox shortcuts
Google Chrome shortcuts
Internet Explorer shortcuts

Using Ctrl+A in PuTTY

With PuTTY Ctrl+A moves to the beginning of the line currently being typed.

Below are links to related keyboard shortcuts and individual key pages.

Alt+A
Ctrl

A, Ctrl, Keyboard shortcut, Keyboard terms, Select all

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.

Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously [indicated in the tables below by the + sign]. Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout.

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts[edit]

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions means that a meaningful comparison of keyboard shortcuts can be made across various widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts[edit]

Many shortcuts [such as Ctrl+Z, Alt+E, etc.] are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented [or not] depends on how an actual application program [such as an editor] is written. Not all applications follow [all of] these conventions, so if it doesn't work, it isn't compatible.

Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the E shortcut.

Some software [such as KDE] allow their shortcuts to be changed, and the below list contains the defaults.

Action WindowsmacOS[notes 1]LinuxEmacsVimChromeOSFile menuEdit menuView menu Undo the last operation Redo the last operation Cut the selection and store it in the clipboardCopy the selection into the clipboardPaste contents of clipboard at cursorPaste special Select all in focused control or window Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methodsPrint Open Help Menu Windows Mobility Center PowerUser [WinX] Menu Restart Video Driver

Alt+F, or F10 then F	Ctrl+F2, then F[notes 2]	Alt+F	Meta+`, then f	Alt+f [gvim] or Ctrl+e [vim + NERDTree]	Ctrl+O
Alt+E	Ctrl+F2, then E[notes 2]	Alt+E	Meta+`, then e	Alt+e [gvim]
Alt+V	Ctrl+F2, then V[notes 2]	Alt+V
Ctrl+Z, or Alt+Backspace	⌘ Cmd+Z	Ctrl+Z	Ctrl+x, then u or Ctrl+/ or Ctrl+_ or Undo	u	Ctrl+Z
Ctrl+Y, or Alt+Shift+Backspace	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Z	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Z, or Ctrl+Y	Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos. Since version 28, also Ctrl+? or Ctrl+Alt+_.	Ctrl+r	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Z
Ctrl+X, or ⇧ Shift+Del	⌘ Cmd+X	Ctrl+X	Ctrl+w	x or "ax to cut in register "a" or "+x to cut in system clipboard	Ctrl+X
Ctrl+C, or Ctrl+Ins	⌘ Cmd+C	Ctrl+C	Meta+w, or Ctrl+Ins	y or "ay or "+y	Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V,or ⇧ Shift+Ins	⌘ Cmd+V	Ctrl+V	Ctrl+y, or ⇧ Shift+Ins	p or "ap to paste the content of the "a" register or "+p to paste the content of the system clipboard	Ctrl+V
⊞ Win+V	Shift+Opt+Cmd+V	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V	Meta+y	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V
Ctrl+A	⌘ Cmd+A	Ctrl+A	Ctrl+x, then h	ggVG, unlikely ever needed as most commands take an optional range parameter. % means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use :%y	Ctrl+A
Alt+⇧ Shift, or ⊞ Win+Space The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8.	Cmd+Space [not MBR] Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.[1]	Ctrl+Alt+K via KDE Keyboard Alt+⇧ Shift in GNOME	Ctrl+\		Ctrl+Space
Ctrl+P	⌘ Cmd+P	Ctrl+P			Ctrl+P
		F1 in GNOME			Ctrl+Alt+/
Windows 7: ⊞ Win+x Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x > b
Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x
Windows 10: Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⊞ Win+B[2][3]

Navigation[edit]

Action WindowsmacOS[notes 1]LinuxChromeOSStart new Explorer window New browser window with same page as current New folder Applications menu Lock desktop Show desktop Access SysTray Emoji Picker Minimize all windows Log out user Switch active user Task managerRename object Open file or program Switch window [next/previous] Switch window without dialog [next/previous] Run application Search Show Hidden Files

⊞ Win+E			⇧ Shift+Alt+M
Ctrl+N [for Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox]	⌘ Cmd+T	Ctrl+N	Ctrl+click
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+N	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N	Ctrl+E
⊞ Win or Ctrl+Esc	Ctrl+F2, then "n"[notes 2]	Alt+ e.g. for File Alt+F	Search
⊞ Win+L[4]	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Q[5] [macOS High Sierra and greater] or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject or MBR Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Pwr [If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy"]	Ctrl+Alt+L	Power [Hold for 3 seconds]
⊞ Win+D	F11	Ctrl+Alt+D
⊞ Win+B			⇧ Shift+Alt+S
⊞ Win+. or ⊞ Win+;	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Space		Search+⇧ Shift+Space
⊞ Win+M, then use ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M to bring back all windows		Ctrl+Super+D
	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Q	Ctrl+Alt+Delete	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Q [Twice]
⊞ Win+L[notes 3]
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc, Ctrl+Alt+Delete[notes 4]	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Esc	Ctrl+Esc	Search+Esc
F2	↵ Enter[notes 5] or F2	F2	Ctrl+↵ Enter
↵ Enter or ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter	⌘ Cmd+O or ⌘ Cmd+↓	↵ Enter	↵ Enter
Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab ↹	⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹	Ctrl+Tab ↹ / Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	Hold Alt, then quickly press Tab ↹
Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc	Only works within single Applications ⌘ Cmd+` / ⌘ Cmd+~	Ctrl+Esc / Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc
⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win+R, enter executable name	⌘ Cmd+Space, enter executable name or ⌘ Cmd+↓	Alt+F2, enter executable name
⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win+S or F3	⌘ Cmd+Space		Search
Alt+V, then H, then H again, while in File Explorer, will toggle setting	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+., while in Finder, will toggle setting	Ctrl+F in GNOME, Alt+. in KDE	Ctrl+.

Power management[edit]

Action WindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSPlace computer into sleep/standby mode Task manager/Force quit Shut down computer Restart computer Place display in sleep mode Bring up power/sleep dialog box Force shutdown

Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x > u > s Windows 7: ⊞ Win+→+→+↵ Enter Sleep [available on some keyboards]	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject	Sleep [available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel ➢ Power Options ➢ Advanced tab dialog box]
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc		Search+Esc
Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x > u > u	Ctrl+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject [no confirmation, shutdown is immediate]	Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageDown [KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate] [GNOME; there is no default shortcut][6]	Power [Hold for 10 seconds]
Windows 10: ⊞ Win+x > u > r Windows 7: ⊞ Win+→+→+↑+↵ Enter	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Eject[7] or Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Power [no confirmation, restart is immediate]	Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageUp [KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate]
	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject		where is lined
	Ctrl+Eject
Power [Hold for several seconds]	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject		refresh+power

Screenshots[edit]

Action WindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSSave screenshot of entire screen as file Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard Copy screenshot of active window to clipboard Save screenshot of window as file Copy screenshot of window to clipboard Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard [Snip] Screencasting Screenshot Utility

⊞ Win+Print Screen	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3[8]	Print Screen[9]	Ctrl+Show Windows
⊞ Win+Print Screen or Print Screen	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3	Ctrl+Print Screen	Ctrl+Show Windows
Alt+Print Screen		Ctrl+Alt+Print Screen
	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space then move mouse and click	Alt+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME[9]	Ctrl+Alt+Show Windows then move mouse and click
	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space then move mouse and click	Alt+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME[9]	Ctrl+Alt+Show Windows then move mouse and click
	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then click+drag mouse over required area	⇧ Shift+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME[9]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Show Windows then click+drag mouse over required area
Windows 10: ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+S	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then click+drag mouse over required area	⇧ Shift+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME[9]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Show Windows then click+drag mouse over required area
		Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+R[10][11]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Show Windows then select the Screen Record button on the toolbar
	macOS Mojave: ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+5[12]		Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Show Windows

Text editing[edit]

Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.[notes 6]

Action WindowsmacOS[notes 1]LinuxEmacsVimChromeOSDelete char to the right of cursor Delete word to the right of cursor Delete word to the left of cursor Go to start of line Go to end of line Go to start of document Go to end of document Go to previous word Go to next word Go to previous line Go to next line Go to previous line break [paragraph] Go to next line break Move the cursor down the length of the viewport Move the cursor up the length of the viewport Find Go to next search result Go to previous search result Search and replace Search with a regular expressionSearch and replace with a regular expression

Del or Fn+← Backspace	Del or Fn+← Backspace	Del	Ctrl+d	x	Alt+← Backspace or Search+← Backspace or Del
Ctrl+Del	⌥ Opt+Del or ⌥ Opt+Fn+← Backspace	Ctrl+Del	Meta+d	dw [delete space too]or de [keep space]	Ctrl+Search+← Backspace
Ctrl+← Backspace	⌥ Opt+← Backspace	Ctrl+← Backspace	Ctrl+← Backspace or Meta+← Backspace	dge [delete space too]or db [keep space]	Ctrl+← Backspace
Home or Fn+←	⌘ Cmd+← or Ctrl+A	Home	Ctrl+a or Home	^ [go to first non-space] or 0 [go to column 0]	Search+←
End or Fn+→	⌘ Cmd+→ or Ctrl+E	End	Ctrl+e or End	$	Search+→
Ctrl+Home	⌘ Cmd+↑	Ctrl+Home	Meta+< or Ctrl+Home	gg	Ctrl+Search+←
Ctrl+End	⌘ Cmd+↓	Ctrl+End	Meta+> or Ctrl+End	G	Ctrl+Search+→
Ctrl+← or Ctrl+/	⌥ Opt+←	Ctrl+←	Meta+b or Ctrl+← or Meta+←	b or ge	Ctrl+←
Ctrl+→	⌥ Opt+→	Ctrl+→	Meta+f or Ctrl+→ or Meta+→	w or e	Ctrl+→
↑	↑ or Ctrl+p	↑	Ctrl+p or ↑	k or ↑	↑
↓	↓ or Ctrl+n	↓	Ctrl+n or ↓	j or ↓	↓
Ctrl+↑	⌥ Opt+↑	Ctrl+↑ [kword or GNOME]	Meta+[ or Control+↑	[	Ctrl+↑
Ctrl+↓	⌥ Opt+↓	Ctrl+↓ [kword or GNOME]	Meta+} or Control+↓	]	Ctrl+↓
Page Down	⌥ Opt+⇟ or ⌥ Opt+Fn+↓	Page Down	Ctrl+v or Page Down	Ctrl+f or Page Down	Search+↓
Page Up	⌥ Opt+⇞ or ⌥ Opt+Fn+↑	Page Up	Meta+v or Page Up	Ctrl+b or Page Up	Search+↑
Ctrl+F	⌘ Cmd+F ⌘ Cmd+E [Search with current selection]	Ctrl+F Ctrl+K [GNOME; interactive search]	Ctrl+s	/	Ctrl+F
F3	⌘ Cmd+G	Ctrl+G [GNOME] or F3 [KDE][13]	Ctrl+s	n	Ctrl+G or ↵ Enter
⇧ Shift+F3	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+G [GNOME] or ⇧ Shift+F3 [KDE][13]	Ctrl+r	N	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+G or ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
Ctrl+H	⌘ Cmd+F	Ctrl+H [GNOME] or Ctrl+R [KDE]	Meta+%	%s/fosh/fish/gc[notes 7]
			Ctrl+Meta+s	All searches use regular expressions.
			Ctrl+Meta+%

Text formatting[edit]

Action Windows WordPad macOS[notes 1]Linux[14]EmacsVim Bold Underline Italic Uppercase / Lowercase Superscript Subscript Selected text larger/smaller Selected text Bullets or Numbered Items Insert Linebreak Insert Unicode

Ctrl+B	⌘ Cmd+B	Ctrl+B	Meta+o, then b
Ctrl+U	⌘ Cmd+U	Ctrl+U	Meta+o, then u
Ctrl+I	⌘ Cmd+I	Ctrl+I	Meta+o, then i
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+A	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+C	⇧ Shift+F3	Meta+u for upper, Meta+l for lower, Meta+c for capitalized.	gU for upper, gu for lower, ~ to toggle.
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+=	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd++ [some applications only]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P[15]
Ctrl+=	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+- [some applications only]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B[15]
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+>, Ctrl+⇧ Shift+ ⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+<
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+L
Ctrl+↵ Enter	⇧ Shift+↵ Enter[notes 5] or ⌥ Opt+↵ Enter[notes 5]	Ctrl+↵ Enter
Alt+X + character codepoint	Alt + character codepoint [must be enabled as input source]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+U + character codepoint	Ctrl+v+u + character codepoint	Ctrl+X+8 + character codepoint

[edit]

Action WindowsmacOSLinuxChromeOSGo to Address Bar Go to the previous location in history[16]Go to the next location in history Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy Go to the starting page defined by the user or application

Ctrl+L / F6 / Alt+D, Alt+C or Alt+E depending on language	⌘ Cmd+L or ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G	Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6	Ctrl+L or Alt+D
Alt+← or ← Backspace	⌘ Cmd+[ or ⌘ Cmd+←	Alt+←	Alt+←
Alt+→ or ⇧ Shift+← Backspace [web browser only]	⌘ Cmd+] or ⌘ Cmd+→	Alt+→	Alt+→
Alt+↑ [Vista, 7, 8 or 10 only] or ← Backspace [Windows Explorer]	⌘ Cmd+↑	Alt+↑
Alt+Home	⌘ Cmd+Home	Ctrl+Home [KDE] / Alt+Home [GNOME]	Alt+Search+←

Web browsers[edit]

Action WindowsmacOSLinuxEmacs-w3mVimperatorChromeOSBookmarks menu URL Shortcuts [Adds www. + .com] URL Shortcuts [Adds www. + .org] URL Shortcuts [Adds www. + .net] Add bookmark for current page Add bookmark for current link Manage bookmarks Focus and select Web search bar Focus and select address bar Refresh a webpage Refresh a webpage ignoring cache Open a new window Zoom Options
[zoom in /
zoom out /
zoom 100%]

Ctrl+B	⌘ Cmd+B [Firefox]	Alt+B	v	:bmarks	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B
Ctrl+↵ Enter	⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter[notes 5] [Firefox] or Ctrl+↵ Enter[notes 5] [Chrome]	Ctrl+↵ Enter			Ctrl+↵ Enter
	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter[notes 5] [Firefox]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
	⇧ Shift+↵ Enter[notes 5] [Firefox]	⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
Ctrl+D	⌘ Cmd+D	Ctrl+B / Ctrl+D	a	:bmark	Ctrl+D
			Meta+a
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+O [Microsoft Edge] or Ctrl+B [Internet Explorer]	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+B [Chrome/Safari] or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+B [Firefox]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R / Ctrl+B			Ctrl+⇧ Shift+O
Ctrl+E	⌘ Cmd+E [Opera] or ⌘ Cmd+K [Firefox] or ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+F [Safari]	Ctrl+k		t [open in a new tab] or T [open in current tab]	Ctrl+E or Ctrl+K
Ctrl+L or F6 or Alt+D	⌘ Cmd+L	Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6	g	O to alter URL, use y to copy it.	Ctrl+L or Alt+D
Fn+F5 or Ctrl+R	⌘ Cmd+R	F5 or Ctrl+R	R	r	⟲ or Ctrl+R
Ctrl+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+E then ⌘ Cmd+R	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R		R	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R
Ctrl+N	⌘ Cmd+N [Chrome]	Ctrl+N		:winopen	Ctrl+N
Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0	⌘ Cmd++ / ⌘ Cmd+- / ⌘ Cmd+0	Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0		zi / zo / zz [text only] or zI / zO / zZ [text and images]	Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0

Tab management[edit]

Action WindowsmacOSLinuxEmacs-w3mVimperatorChromeOSNew tab Close tab Close all tabs but the current one Go to next tab Go to previous tab Go to tab-n[notes 8]Go to last tab Open a previously closed tab Open a previously closed window Close the current internet tab

Ctrl+T	⌘ Cmd+T	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T or Ctrl+T	Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+t	t	Ctrl+T
Ctrl+W	⌘ Cmd+W	Ctrl+W Firefox[17] & Opera[18] & Chrome[19] & GNOME Web[20] & Midori Ctrl+F4 Firefox[17] & Opera[18] & Chrome[19]		d	Ctrl+W
	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+T [Safari]		Ctrl+c, then Meta+w
Ctrl+Tab ↹	Ctrl+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+→ [Safari]	Ctrl+PageDown or Ctrl+Tab ↹ or Ctrl+.	Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+n	gt	Ctrl+Tab ↹
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+← [Safari]	Ctrl+PageUp or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ or Ctrl+,	Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+p	gT	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
Ctrl+n[notes 8] [Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer]	⌘ Cmd+n[notes 8] [Chrome]	Alt+n[notes 8] [Chrome, Firefox] or Ctrl+n[notes 8] [Chrome]		First tab: g0 Last tab: g$	Ctrl+b
Ctrl+9 [Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer]	⌘ Cmd+9 [Chrome]	Alt+9 [Chrome, Firefox] or Ctrl+9 [Chrome]
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T	⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+T [Firefox, Opera, Chrome]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T [Firefox, Opera, Chrome][19][17][18]	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T [Firefox][17]	u	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T
Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N [Firefox][17]					Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T
Ctrl+W	⌘ Cmd+F11				Ctrl+W

Window management[edit]

Action WindowsmacOS[notes 1]KDEGNOMEEmacsChromeOSForce window mode [Application requires functionality for set action] Pop up window menu Close the focused window Close all windows of current application Restore the focused window to its previous size Move the focused window Resize the focused window Keep window always on top Hide the focused window Hide all except the focused window Put the focused window furthest back [in tab order and Z axis] Minimize the focused window Maximize the focused window Maximize horizontally Maximize vertically Minimize all Minimize all non focused windows Undo minimize all Switch fullscreen/normal size Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar Rollup/down window Show all open windows Show all windows of current application Show all workspaces Move window to left/right/up/down workspace Move window between multiple monitors Move window to workspace nSwitch to next/previous workspace list Go to workspace nGo to left/right/up/down workspace Quit application of current window Close dialog Open/Focus [preview] pinned program on the taskbar Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar [if program is already opened] Focus the first taskbar entry; pressing again will cycle through them Peek at the desktop Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets External display options [mirror, extend desktop, etc.]

0+↵ Enter	⌥ Opt+Alt+↵ Enter[notes 5] or ⌥ Option+Alt+F or ⌘ Cmd+F or ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+F
Alt+Space		Alt+F3	Alt+Space	Meta+`, then b
Alt+F4 or Alt+Space then C[notes 9]	⌘ Cmd+W	Alt+F4	Alt+F4	Ctrl+x, then k	Ctrl+W
	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+W				Ctrl+⇧ Shift+W
Alt+Space then R[notes 9]		Alt+F3 then X	Alt+F5	Ctrl+x, then r, then j, then letter of the window state register.
Alt+Space then M[notes 9] then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter [to save new location]		Alt+Mouse / Alt+F3 then M then Arrow Keys	Alt+Mouse / Alt+F7 then Arrow Keys
Alt+Space then S[notes 9] then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter [to save new size]		Alt+F3 then S then Arrow Keys	Alt+F8 then Arrow Keys / Alt+Right Mouse Button[notes 10]	Ctrl+x, then ^ vertically	Alt+] [snap window to right half of screen], Alt+[ [snap window to left half of screen]
Ctrl+Alt+Esc [toggles on/off]
	⌘ Cmd+H			Meta+x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter
	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+H
Alt+Esc
Alt+Space then N[notes 9] or ⊞ Win+↓ [Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows 7+]	⌘ Cmd+M	Alt+F3 then N	Alt+F9	Meta+x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter	Alt+-
Alt+Space then X[notes 9] or ⊞ Win+↑ [Windows 7+]	⌘ Cmd+L	Alt+F3 then X	Alt+F10	Ctrl+x, then 1	Alt
		Available, but no default	Available, but no default
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+↑ [Windows 7+]	Available ['Zoom'], but no default	Available, but no default	Available, but no default
⊞ Win+M or ⊞ Win+D	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+M	Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+D
⊞ Win+Home [Windows 7+]		Available, but no default
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M		Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+D
F11 or ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter [UWP apps only]	⌘ Cmd+Ctrl+F	F11	F11		Fullscreen
	Depends on application, system default: ⌘ Cmd+Ctrl+F	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F	Ctrl+F11
		Available, but no default	Alt+F12
⊞ Win+Tab ↹	F3 or F9 or Fn+F9 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]		⊞ Win works per desktop on Gnome 3+	Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b	Show Windows
⊞ Win+Tab ↹	Ctrl+F3 or F10 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]		Ctrl+`	Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b
⊞ Win+Tab ↹ [Windows 10]	F8 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]		⊞ Win then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen		Show Windows
⊞ Win+←/→ [Windows 7+]		Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+← / → / ↑ / ↓		⇧ Shift+Search+[/]
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+←/→ [Windows 7+]					Alt+Search+M
		Available, but no default
		Available, but no default
	Ctrl+n	Ctrl+Fn			⇧ Shift+Search+n
[notes 11]	Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ / Ctrl+↑ / Ctrl+↓ [OS X 10.5 to 10.6], Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ [OS X 10.7 and later]	Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+← / → / ↑ / ↓		Search+[/]
Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 varies[notes 12]	⌘ Cmd+Q[notes 13]	Ctrl+Alt+Esc		q	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+W
Esc [Laptop] ⊞ Win+↓+F4 [Desktop]	Esc				Esc or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+W
⊞ Win+[#] where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar [Windows 7+]					Alt+[#] where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
⊞ Win+[#] where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar [Windows Vista, 7+]	⌘ Cmd+A+⇧ Shift				Alt+[#] where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+[#] where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar [Windows 7+]					Alt+[#] where "#" is the position of the program on the Shelf
⊞ Win+T, then ←→ back and forth; hold ⇧ Shift to cycle backwards [Windows 7+]
⊞ Win+Space [Windows 7] ⊞ Win+Comma [Windows 8+]	⌘ Cmd+F3 or F11 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[21][22]
⊞ Win+G [Windows Vista,7] or ⊞ Win+Space [Vista only, no cycling]
⊞ Win+P [Windows 7+]					Ctrl+Fullscreen

User interface navigation [widgets and controls][edit]

Action WindowsmacOS[notes 1]KDEGNOMEMoves keyboard focus to next/previous control Pop up tooltip for currently focused control Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control Give focus to next/previous pane Give focus to splitter bar in paned window Give focus to window's menu barPop up contextual menu for currently selected objects [aka context menu] Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button Activate focused button, menu item etc. Expand a drop-down list Select/move to first/last item in selected widget Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right Scroll selected view to top/bottom Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window

Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹[notes 2]	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ Ctrl+Tab ↹ / Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
⇧ Shift+F1			Ctrl+F1
⇧ Shift+F1	⌘ Cmd+?	⇧ Shift+F1	⇧ Shift+F1
Ctrl+F6 / Alt+F6	⌘ Cmd+`		F6 / ⇧ Shift+F6
			F8
F10 or Alt	⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+/, then type command name, or Ctrl+F2 [or Fn+Ctrl+F2 on some keyboards][notes 2]	Alt	F10
⇧ Shift+F10 or ≣ Menu	Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then Fn+Ctrl+5 or Ctrl+5 [numeric keypad] or Function+Ctrl+I [laptop]	≣ Menu	≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift+F10
Space	Space	Space	Space
↵ Enter	Space [also ↵ Enter[notes 5] for menu items]	↵ Enter	↵ Enter
F4 or Alt+↓
		Home / End	Home / End
	⇞ / ⇟ [or Fn+↑ / Fn+↓ on some keyboards]		PageUp / Ctrl+PageUp / PageDown / Ctrl+PageDown
	↖ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↖ ↘ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↘
Ctrl+Tab ↹	Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⌘ Cmd+`		Ctrl+Tab ↹ -> Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting. ^ Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled [enabled by default in XP]. ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista. ^ a b c d e f g h i On Mac OS, OS X, and macOS, the key commonly called ↵ Enter is properly called ↩ Return, while ⌅ Enter is a separate key normally located on the numeric keypad or invoked as ⌥ Opt+↩ Return [mainly on keyboards without a numeric keypad]. ^ For the concept of "selected text" see also X Window selection ^ In whole document [%], substitute [s] fosh by fish, don't stop at one substitution per line [g] and ask for confirmation for each substitution [c]. ^ a b c d e n is a number between 1 and 8 ^ a b c d e f g In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependent. The Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels [and their underlined hotkeys] vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows. ^ Needs to be activated first on some distributions. ^ The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour. ^ There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application. ^ macOS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close [window], ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit [application], and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc Force Quit [application]; ⌥ Option+F4 can be used to quit certain services or applications. Quit is closest to Kill. ^ This can be set as Greyscale, Invert Colours, Magnifier and more in Ease of Access settings References[edit] ^ "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2010-11-03. ^ Hoffman, Chris [May 4, 2018]. "Secret Windows Hotkey Restarts Your Graphics Card Drivers". howtogeek.com. How-To Geek LLC. Retrieved January 20, 2021. ^ Chen, Kent [May 7, 2018]. "Windows 10 Tip: How To Restart Video Driver without Rebooting Computer". nextofwindows.com. Next of Windows. Retrieved January 20, 2021. ^ Singh, Swapnil [2012-02-08]. "10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know". Tricktactoe.com. Retrieved 2012-09-20. ^ Tate, Jody [2017-09-27]. "High Sierra 10.13 : Keychain Access Menubar Item Missing?". StackExchange.com. Retrieved 2018-01-22. ^ "GNOME keyboard shortcuts". ^ "Mac keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT201236. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-02. ^ "How to take a screenshot on your Mac". Article: HT201361. Apple Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-02. ^ a b c d e "Taking Screenshots". User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2012. ^ "Screencast Recording". GNOME Cheat Sheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 20 April 2016. ^ "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012. ^ "What's New in macOS Mojave - Screenshots". Apple. Retrieved 18 April 2019. ^ a b "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. KDE. Retrieved 2020-01-02. ^ "Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012. ^ a b ^ "Browser Shortcuts". Mirus IT. Retrieved 17 July 2015. ^ a b c d e "Keyboard shortcuts — Firefox Help". Support.mozilla.org. Retrieved 2020-01-02. ^ a b c "Keyboard shortcuts — Opera Help". Help.opera.com. Retrieved 2020-01-02. ^ a b c "Keyboard shortcuts — Google Chrome Help". Support.google.com. Retrieved 2020-01-02. ^ "Shortcuts". Library.gnome.org. Retrieved 2012-09-20. ^ a b c d "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03. ^ a b c d "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03. ^ "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012. ^ "Turn on Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012. ^ "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012. ^ "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012. ^ "Turn On Bounce Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012. External links[edit] macOS Mac keyboard shortcuts Keyboard shortcuts in Safari for Mac Windows Keyboard shortcuts in Windows ChromeOS Chromebook keyboard shortcuts Linux GNOME Useful Keyboard Shortcuts Keyboard Navigation Set Keyboard Shortcuts Universal Access Usage Keyboard Interaction library.gnome.org for the latest documentation of unstable KDE KDE Fundamentals: Common Keyboard Shortcuts KDE Community Wiki: KDE Visual Design Group/HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts Office Suites Apache OpenOffice or LibreOffice OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice keyboard shortcuts Web Browsers Chrome or Chromium: Google Chrome keyboard shortcuts Firefox: Firefox browser keyboard shortcuts Opera: Opera browser keyboard shortcuts What is use of Ctrl A? Frequently used shortcuts. What are Ctrl A to Z? List of all CTRL Shortcuts [ A to Z]. Ctrl+A : Select all text.. Ctrl+B : Bold text.. Ctrl+C : Copy text.. Ctrl+D : Open font formatting window.. Ctrl+E : Center text.. Ctrl+F : Find a phrase.. Ctrl+G : Go to a specific page.. Ctrl+H : Replace text with another text.. 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How to use the Ctrl+A keyboard shortcut

Ctrl+A in Excel and other spreadsheet programs

Ctrl+A in Microsoft PowerPoint

Ctrl+A in Word and other word processors

Using Ctrl+A in an Internet browser

Using Ctrl+A in PuTTY

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts[edit]

General shortcuts[edit]

Navigation[edit]

Power management[edit]

Screenshots[edit]

Text editing[edit]

Text formatting[edit]

[edit]

Web browsers[edit]

Tab management[edit]

Window management[edit]

User interface navigation [widgets and controls][edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

What is use of Ctrl A?

What are Ctrl A to Z?

Bài Viết Liên Quan

Toplist mới

Bài mới nhất

Chủ Đề