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2nd Exam
Terms in this set [72]
PRWORA
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act signed by President Clinton. Ended individual entitlement to benefits, and AFDC and JOBS were abolished and replaced by a block grant called TANF. President Clinton's attempt at welfare reform.
absolute poverty
a lack of resources that is life-threatening
burger barn syndrome
culture of poverty; women choose not to work and to take care of their children instead; rewards of work dont outweigh benefits of raising a family
candy store syndrome
culture of povert; sex and immediate gratification helps with the struggles of poverty; presumption that they cant stop because in poverty; reflects a college student; lack of morals and ability to defer immediate gratification
charity organization societies
concerned with distinction between deserving&undeserving poor, no direct relief, end poverty cycle, make individual self sufficient
culture of poverty thesis
belief that poor people, resigned to their position in society, develop a unique value structure to deal with their lack of success; over time you start to accept immoral decisions that are having to be made
deserving vs. undeserving
"welfare" tradition based on Elizabethan
Poor Law:
-people included in deserving group were orphaned children, the blind, widowed women, disabled adults, and those who couldnt work at no fault of their own [like being unable to find an apprenticeship or learn a trade]
-people included in undeserving poor were vagrants [those having no desire to work] and people who suffered from addiction [esp. alcohol]
philosophy: if abled bodied= you should work
poor
In a society stratified by social class, a group of people who work for minimum wage or are chronically unemployed
devolution
the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality;, the transfer of powers and responsibilities from the federal government to the states
diversionary workshops
meetings you must attend before going on welfare; intened to discourage peopel from applying; women are told its better to work and this should be their last result
family cap
is a practice to deny mothers and families who receive welfare assistance further financial assistance after the birth of another child.
family plan
make welfare recipients more responsible for their lives;, nixons welfare reform proposal to give direct relief to poor families
feminization of poverty
The increasing concentration of poverty among women, especially unmarried women and their children;, the economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, caused in part by the gendered gap in wages, the higher proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of childcare.
great society
President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.;, the term for the domestic programs of the Johnson administration
indoor relief
assistance gained when going into a poor house;, helping the poor through shelters/ work houses
Lorena Boppit syndrome
the idea that there is a tremendous amount of power in being an independent women; marrying is an economic drain and poor women prefer not to but then are looked down upon
New Deal
President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state [1933-1939]; programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life.
new federalism
a policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs [states are closer to the people and problems]
outdoor relief
relief or aid provided to worthy poor in their own homes
passing on
send poor back to their country
poverty line
amount of yearly income a family requires to meet its basic needs, according to the federal government
relative poverty
the lack of resources of some people in relation to those who have more
sanctions
something that forces obedience with a law or rule; women had sanctions if didnt meet requirments to obtain welfare
scientific charity
becomes a science, less random and arbitrary, imposing a new model on what people consider social chaos, raises questions of who counts are poor? Who are the deserving poor? Based on idea the idleness is learned. [early 20th century]; the study of the causes of social problems and the methods to address them emerges in the 1800s; poor house advocates want to provide services, but they want to reduce expenses as well. they want to get able-bodied people to stop reveiving aid, so it would go to those who needed it the most
system screwed me syndrom; systems grouping
the idea that it becomes a right to take advantage and use the system becuase they wont meet your needs; explination of why do what they do
warning out
A formal practice by which the town's residents banished a person and undertook not to support their financial needs.; encourage to settle else where if look unable to support themselves
work plan
women had to accomplish 45 job contacts to get welfare; no secure employment then workfair is required [training, etc.]
workfare
programs that require welfare recipients to exchange some of their labor in return for benefits
working poor
Employed people who consistently earn wages but do not make enough to survive
WHAT HAS LEAD TO THE RISE OF SINGLE MOTHERHOOD [TIED TO CHANGES SURROUNDING SEXUALITY AND CHANGES IN MENS ROLES [AND ABILITIES] IN THEIR FAMILY.
the idea that restoring the family and raising children in two parent households brings back the homemaker/breadwinner roles and diminishes single-parent women.
[low wage and at work much more] [status of men: page 80]
COINED THE TERM SOCIAL POVERTY THESIS
oscar lewis [not correct in explaining the culture poverty thesis and womens reliance on welfare because social conservatives are using it in a way it was not originally intended
family cap
child cut off; Under the current 1996 federal welfare law block grant, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families [TANF], states have discretion to implement a family cap policy.[3] Prior to TANF, under the federal Aid to Families with Dependent Children [AFDC] states had to obtain waivers before imposing family cap policies.[4]
what are the many cultures of poverty
they are the syndromes
burger barn syndrome, candy burn, lorana bobit, systems grouping
work fair
non-paid?
punishments vs rewards of welfare
punishments: time limits, participation
rules, other sanctions
rewards: supportive services, income disregards, subsidized child care/transportation vouchers/clothing/work supplies/rent/utility
symbolic logic to the work plan
to no be conducive
what did the family plan want
establish paternity
[expected to control=family cap provision]
whats wrong with the family cap provision
1]unconstitutional 2]procedural inequalities
had right to interfere, vaccine, truancy requisites
1]abstinence education, statutory rap policies, illegitimacy or anti-abortion bonds
how many get welfare
1 in 8 people
AFDC
Aid to Families with Dependent Children - designed during Depression. Helped families where the main wage earner was disabled, dead, or had left the family.
name change: TANF 1962
TANF
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families. A 1996 national act that abolished the longtime welfare policy, AFDC [Aid for Families with Dependent Children] TANF gives the states much more control over welfare policy
relative vs. absolute poverty
Relative Measures: Standard of living relative to others in the community
Absolute Measures: Income required for basic essenctials.
•Poverty occurs when income is below a prescribed level.
when the study of social problems and the methods to address them emerges
in the 1800s [goal provide services - but with less money]
COS
Charity Organization Societies
1.poverty due to moral and character deficiencies 2. eliminate by helping people identify and correct deficiencies 3. charitable organizations needed to cooperate and organize services
Josephine Lowell
One of the major leaders of the program in the Charity Organization Society who is pictured on the history website promising that "not one cent" of aid would go directly to the poor ["aid creates dependency"]
S. Humphrey Gurteen
wanted centralization by getting groups that provided services to create one local center where agencies could meet, compare notes, determine whose worthy of relief, and find any impostors [do this by creating a registry for people receiving public or
private assistance.
negative: looked at poor as untrustworthy; cheating our system
what was the evolution during 1870s-1920s
Rapid-Rural-to-Urban Migration
political machines
Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.
During the 1800's and early 1900's, some state and local party committees became ________________ dominating party activities. Committee members would promise new recruits money, jobs, and other benefits for joining and voting the straight party ticket. The Democratic Party was especially successful at using this method to recruit immigrants and inner city poor. These groups functioned largely as welfare organizations controlling elections through corrupt means.
19th amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution [1920] extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
leads to state workers' compensation programs, children services, and women's services in 1890-1920
FDR's New Deal
Relief, Recovery, Reform-- relief [jobs, money, welfare, housing, bank recovery] [FDIC - federal deposit insurance corp-- banks needed money to function and people were scared to put $$ into banks after sock market crash so FDIC insures money------ Recovery -- ex: Dustbowl-- CCC planted trees, farmers learned how to plant and harvest to get economy going agian------ Reform-- New Laws to prevent another depression, and regulate stock market [SEC], social security and creating more jobs
Fair Labor Standards Act 1938
aka "wage and hour law" - regulates employee status, overtime pay, child labor, minimum wage, record keeping, and other administrative concerns
*Important New Deal labor legislation
*the exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many blacks, Mexican Americans, and women who were concentrated in these sectors—did not benefit from the act's protection.
social security 1935
the most famous piece of FDR's New Deal legislation; Created both the Social Security Program and a national assistance program for poor children, usually called AFDC.
NIRA of 1933
National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933: "says workers' can legally form a union"
designed to stimulate the economy, stabilize prices, control competition, regularize wages, hours, and working conditions.
*protects workers' rights to be in
labor union/collectively bargain
NLRA of 1935
Nation Labor Relations Act of 1935 [aka- Wagner Act]: "says workers' can legally form a union and goes on to provide a formal grievance process"]
*right to form and join unions; to bargain collestively; to strike for better benefits and working conditions; purpose of law is to protect employee; establishes rights for both employers and employee; prohibits unfair
labor practices
work force policies
time limits on finding a job and qualifying for welfare [page 22]
constructual constraints
situation made "societal norms" more of a burden and hardship for those in poverty. example: no one was getting married bc there werent any "decent guys"
1963 social security administration
...
what does the poverty line not take into account
inflation, regional variation across the nation, housing/living cost
4 explanations for how people become poor
individual level,
Reagan Revolution [who, what, when, did, goals]
40th president, served from 1980-1988 [2 terms], republican candidate [so this refers to the shift the election signals]
under him
goal-seek limited federal role in social welfare and increased reliance on state and government and private sectors
what-pioneered by Ronald Reagan who cut spending food stamps and job programs, rose federal spending drastically, and gave tax cuts to the wealthy to stimulate the economy; a huge gap would
form between rich and poor
"supply side" and "trickle down" economis
Reagan's idea that cutting inflation by manipulating and demanding a shift in the economy would be successful [didnt work]
new federalism
Reagan/Nixon "Devolution", Federal-state relationship [idea from Nixon then proposed by Reagan administration] during the 1980s; hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments.
under bush 1
a continuization of reagans policy; calls his approach
"KINDER,GENTLER, NATION"
*views states a laboratories
clinton years
goal- budget deficient reduction
how- entitlement spending tied to tax increases; discretionary spending is
to be capped
"END WELFARE AS WE KNOW IT" - PRWORA
how prwora ends welfare
work mandates. time limits, cuts to immigrants
violation crime control and law enforcement act
assault weapon ban
does: extends protection for women brings in more prison funding *developed 3-strike law
three strike law
The application of Mandatory sentencing to give repeat offenders longer prison terms.
*made so that you can increase the severity and length of a punishment [like if you go on your 3rd time you'll have more jail time]
mark rank
"poverty is as american as american pie"
maya federman
can measure poor by income article
social welfare policy
policy is a term that designates a broad and varied range of government programs designed to protect people from want and deprivation, to improve their health and physical well-being, and provide educational and employment training opportunities...etc...
LBJ
Vise President to JFK,1963-1969, deomcrat, passed civil rights act of 64, included a program called Great Society, presidency based on vietnam war, passed Gulf of Tonkin and said "to take any measures nessesary",decided to escalate American involvement in Vietnam, proved to be extremely unpopular
clinton administration
The scaling back of the size and the activities of the federal government which began under the ... is known as Devolution.
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