Impact California Social Studies World History, Culture, and Geography The Modern World
Jackson J. Spielvogel
1,440 solutions
Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
1st EditionDahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck
1,293 solutions
Modern World History Patterns of Interaction, California Edition
1st EditionDahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck
1,293 solutions
Glencoe World History
Savvas Learning Co
971 solutions
For which reason did Walter Camp of Yale and other coaches in the late nineteenth-century claim football make an especially worthwhile activity?
discipline.
Drawing on the workplace model of scientific management, Camp emphasized drill and precision. He and other coaches argued that football offered perfect training for the competitive world of business.
Which technology challenged the dominance of painting within the art world in the nineteenth century?
Camera.
In the visual arts, technological changes helped introduce a new aesthetic: by 1900, some photographers argued that the rise of photography made painting obsolete.
Which statement describes the significance of the 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision in the case Plessy v. Ferguson?
It ruled that Jim Crow laws did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment as long as separate facilities were equal.
Which political party sought to ban alcohol in the United States in the 1880s?
prohibition party
A new political party, the Prohibition Party, exercised considerable clout in the 1880s. Women worked in the party as stump speakers, convention delegates, and even candidates for local office.
To which of the following religions or religious sects did most native-born Americans adhere during the early 1900s?
Protestantism
Which of these was the most popular team sport in the United States before the Civil War?
cricket
Conservative ministers held an annual series of Bible conferences between 1876 and 1897 that originated which idea?
Niagara Creed
In what environmental group, formed around the turn of the twentieth century, did women play a leading role in their effort to save wild birds?
National Audubon society
What did Elizabeth Cady Stanton mean by "the solitude of self"?
Men and women need equal protection
What did Mark Twain, America's most famous fiction writer of the late nineteenth century, satirize?
notation of progress
Why was football a controversial sport when elite colleges in the United States began to sponsor teams in the 1880s?
Football violence resulted in players growth
Which strategy was key to families' upward mobility in the nineteenth century?
limiting family growth
Who wrote the influential book On the Origin of Species published in 1859?
Charles Darwin
Which statement describes the African American colleges founded in the United States during Reconstruction?
they are usually coeducational
What objections did critics raise against Social Darwinism and the views of William Graham Sumner?
The argument was based on false analogy.
Why did future president Theodore Roosevelt promote sports like boxing, weightlifting, and martial arts beginning in the 1890s?
to preserve American civilization
Which group did nineteenth-century showman P. T. Barnum proclaim was the key audience for his famous traveling circus?
children
Why did Charles Darwin, who coined the term "natural selection," disapprove of the word "evolution"?
He believed it implied upward progress rather than random change.
Which of the following outdoor activities became a recognized form of recreation by the turn of the century?
camping
Why did the rate of college attendance in the United States increase from 2 percent in the 1880s to 8 percent in 1920?
Public universities expanded dramatically during this period.
Why did Catholic traditionalists create a network of Catholic schools in the United States in the early twentieth century?
To insulate Catholic children from the American pluralism
Which president signed an act creating the National Park Service in 1916?
Woodrow Wilson
What was the impact of the Comstock Act of 1873?
It had limited success in preventing the spread of contraceptives.
Why did many American authors take up literary realism after the 1880s?
o replace sentimentality in literature with facts
Which course would have been a likely part of the curriculum at Harvard during the presidency of Charles W. Eliot [1869-1909]?
French
Which development stemmed from the popularity of Social Darwinism and eugenics in the early twentieth century?
Restriction of immigration increased
Who was the main figure responsible for building the environmental movement in the second half of the nineteenth century?
John Muir
Which organization was the main manifestation of the Social Gospel movement on street corners in American cities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
salvation army
which institution did Booker T. Washington found in 1881?
The Tuskegee Institute
What was a negative side effect of the state game laws that became more common in the late nineteenth century?
They penalized the rural poor
Until the 1870s, most amateur baseball players in the United States came from what groups?
Clerks and white collars workers
The ministers who formulated the Niagara Creed in the late nineteenth century reflected what faith tradition?
Fundamentalism
What goal led John Muir to found the Sierra Club in 1892?
To promote the preservation and enjoyment of mountain regions.
The Sierra Club tried to foster both preservation and the enjoyment of nature.
What was the primary focus of the National Association of Colored Women, formed in 1896?
to build stronger communities
What was the name of the club that was formed in 1912 and attracted feminist intellectuals, journalists, and labor organizers?
Heterodoxy Club
How did the department store change the relationship between family and consumer culture at the turn of the twentieth century?
it made women the chief family shoppers
What phrase was used for a popular advertising image depicting a beautiful athletic woman in outdoor settings?
Gibson Girl
Which innovation aided couples seeking to limit the size of their families in the nineteenth century?
Vulcanized Rubber
By 1900, scientists and ordinary Americans had accepted the belief of what theory?
Evolution
Through what means did the American public gain knowledge about the important scientific discoveries of the nineteenth century?
A series of world's fairs
Who was the charismatic leader of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union after 1879?
Frances Willard
The Young Men's Christian Association [YMCA] was a Protestant effort in the second half of the nineteenth century to promote which of the following ideals?
Muscular Christianity
Which state was home to the first public women's college in 1885?
Mississippi
In the late nineteenth century, most club women sought to justify their work in political reform movements based on what ideal?
maternalism
Why did wealthier visitors to New York's the Catskill Mountains begin to develop gated communities in the late nineteenth century?
To avoid associating with the working class
What did women of the late nineteenth century gain by working on reform programs aimed at ending alcoholism, poverty, and other social and economic ills?
A sense of their potential ability and influence
Which public spaces were some of the sites targeted by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the late 1800s?
Saloons
Who was one of the most famous evangelical preachers at the turn of the century?
Billy sunday
Which act gave American presidents the power to create national monuments?
Antiquities Act
What made Acadia National Park in Maine unique in the United States in 1917
It was the first nation park east of Mississippi River
In what part of the country did suffragists win three crucial victories in the late 1800s?
The West
The largest African American women's group arose within which church in 1900?
The National Baptist Church
How did national parks differ from national monuments in the early twentieth century?
Logging was permitted in national forests.
How was the Salvation Army able to succeed around the turn of the twentieth century?
By borrowing techniques prominent in business at the time
In contrast to many native-born Jews, most Yiddish-speaking Jews who arrived in the United States from Eastern Europe after the 1880s were
poorer and more orthodox in their beliefs.
→ Generally, Yiddish-speaking Jews who arrived in the United States from Eastern Europe at the end of the nineteenth century were poorer and more orthodox in their religious beliefs than the native-born Jews they encountered here. This group founded Orthodox synagogues and worked to preserve its traditions.
Why was the leadership style of Booker T. Washington particularly well suited for the difficult era after Reconstruction?
His avoidance of confrontation was a response to severe racial repression.
Washington's style of leadership was based on avoiding confrontation with whites and cultivating patronage and private influence. He hoped that education, hard work, and respectability would erase white prejudice against African Americans.
Why were sports like baseball and football becoming popular in the late nineteenth century in the United States?
With industrialization, men lacked means to work with their muscles and independently and thus used sport as a substitute.
Industrialization changed expectations in the workplace. Traditionally, the mark of a successful American man was economic independence: he was his own boss. Now, tens of thousands worked for other men in big companies — and in offices, rather than using their muscles. How could they develop toughness and strength? One answer was athletics.
How does this image of a Christian mission in Japan in 1909 reflect a common characteristic of American missions around the turn of the twentieth century?
Asia is the setting for the image.
How did fundamentalist tactics around 1900 mimic the tactics used during the Second Great Awakening of the 1820s and 1830s?
Effective use of revival meetings
Like the Baptists and Methodists in the 1820s and 1830s, fundamentalists around 1900 made effective use of revival meetings to win over sinners.
What did some critics warn against regarding women's colleges in the United States in the 1870s?
College would unsex women.
Intensive brain work, doctors warned, would unsex young women and drain energy from their ovaries, leading them to bear weak children later in life.
What changed in the curriculum at public universities relative to the curriculum at private universities around 1900?
Emphasis was placed on technical training.
Public schools emphasized technical training, for instance in engineering or business at this time. Conversely, private schools led by Harvard President Charles W. Eliot [1869-1909] emphasized the liberal arts.
Which virulently nativist group around the turn of the twentieth century expressed outrage at the existence of separate Catholic schools while demanding, at the same time, that all public school teachers be Protestants?
American Protective Association
Why were women's protest and reform work in the late 1800s and early 1900s significant?
The foundation was laid for progressivism and modern women's rights.
By engaging in selfless community service, women gained a new sense of self-worth and began pushing for equality, as they did before, during, and immediately after the Civil War.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park is significant because it was the
first park established outside the U.S. mainland.
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was the first national park established outside the U.S. mainland, a year before Denali in Alaska.
What statement can be made about woman suffrage based on this map?
In general, states in the East adopted woman suffrage later than states in the western half of the nation.
States in the West instituted woman suffrage first; the right to vote spread gradually east but did not reach large parts of the East until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
What did the early histories of baseball and football in the United States have in common?
Both started as amateur sports before becoming professionalized by astute businessmen.
Both baseball and football were sports played by amateurs, generally a company's labor force, before astute businessmen recognized those sports' value as spectator sports.
President Theodore Roosevelt preserved which major national park in 1908?
Grand Canyon
Theodore Roosevelt used his powers as president to preserve 800,000 acres at Arizona's Grand Canyon.
Which ethnic group dominated Catholic hierarchy in America in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
Irish
When immigrant Catholic Poles and Italians became numerous enough in the United States, they demanded their own bishops based on ethnic background. The Catholic hierarchy, dominated by Irishmen, felt that the integrity of the church itself was at stake. The demand for ethnic parishes implied local control of church property. With some strain, the Catholic Church managed to satisfy the diverse needs of the immigrant faithful
In the early decades of the twentieth century, the largest number of Protestant missionaries served in which part of the world?
Asia
Who was the most famous American fiction writer at the turn of the century?
Mark Twain
Why did Yale's football coach, Walter Camp, insist on drill and precision in football practice in the late 1800s?
To offer the perfect model for the competitive world of business his players would be joining
Drawing on the workplace model of scientific management, Camp emphasized drill and precision. He and other coaches argued that football offered perfect training for the competitive world of business. Camp's methods succeeded; between 1883 and 1891, under Camp's direction, Yale scored 4,660 points; its opponents scored 92.
Which company manufactured railcars that set the national standard for taste and elegance on long train trips?
The Pullman Company
→ Pullman Cars, manufactured by the Pullman Company of Chicago, set a national standard for taste and elegance. Fitted with rich carpets, upholstery, and woodwork, Pullman's cars influenced trends in home
decor.
Which state took the lead in applying state eugenics laws to its populations?
California
→ The states of California and Virginia took the lead in applying state eugenics laws to their populations.
Journalist Ida B. Wells launched a one-woman campaign against lynching and demolished the myth that the practice was a response to
interracial
rape.
→ For decades white southerners had justified the lynching of black men by accusing them of raping white women. Wells's investigations demolished this myth and showed that lynching generally stemmed from economic competition, labor disputes, or consensual sexual relationships between white women and black men.
Why did southern women organize the United Daughters of the Confederacy [UDC] in 1894?
To
celebrate the memory of the South's "lost cause"
→ The UDC played a central role in shaping Americans' memory of the Civil War and ensured that the nation would remember the Confederacy as a noble effort, Reconstruction as a terrible mistake, and former slaves as unfit for citizenship.
Why did business leaders favor the creation of national monuments over national parks around the turn of the twentieth century?
Resources
in national monuments could be used but those at parks could not.
→ Monuments received weaker protection than national parks did; many fell under the authority of the U.S. Forest Service, which permitted logging and grazing. Business interests thus lobbied to have coveted lands designated as monuments rather than national parks so they could more easily exploit resources.
Why did many American business leaders begin to create employer-sponsored sports teams in the early twentieth century?
To instill teamwork and company pride
→ Business leaders believed that sports honed men's competitive spirit and they created employer-sponsored teams to encourage teamwork and company pride among their workers.
The settlement houses that emerged in early-twentieth-century cities pioneered what new occupational field?
Social work
The women who worked through settlement houses in the early twentieth century allied themselves with the new social sciences and essentially created the field of social work. By 1920, women made up nearly two-thirds of U.S. social workers.
How was public welfare changed in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
It rejected the old model of private Christian charity and adopted social science methods.
Social workers at this time rejected the older model of private Christian charity, dispensed by well-meaning middle-class volunteers to those in need. Instead, social workers defined themselves as professional caseworkers who served as advocates of social justice. Like many reformers of the era, they allied themselves with the new social sciences, such as sociology and economics, and undertook statistical surveys and other systematic methods for gathering facts.
Which Jewish nationality established the most institutions on this map?
Russian
Most of the institutions are found in the Russian sector.
A mob of whites attacked the black community in 1906 in which city?
Atlanta
One of the most virulent riots occurred in Atlanta in 1906, fueled by a nasty political campaign that generated sensational, false charges of "negro crime." Roaming mobs attacked black Atlantans, even invading middle-class black neighborhoods. The rioters killed at least twenty-four blacks and wounded over a hundred.
Which building, completed in 1913, marked the beginning of the modern Manhattan skyline
The Woolworth Building
New York, with its unrelenting demand for prime downtown space, took the lead in skyscraper construction by the late 1890s. The fifty-five-story Woolworth Building, completed in 1913, marked the beginning of the modern Manhattan skyline.
Which statement describes living conditions in New York City's Eleventh Ward at the turn of the nineteenth century?
Crowding was a serious problem in tenements.
In New York's Eleventh Ward, an average of 986 persons occupied an acre. One investigator in Philadelphia described 26 people living in nine rooms of a tenement.
Why did New York State undertake serious workplace safety reforms after the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire of 1911?
In response to public outrage
Shocked by this horrific event, New Yorkers responded with an outpouring of anger and grief that crossed ethnic, class, and religious boundaries. Facing demands for action, New York State appointed a factory commission that developed fifty-six laws dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children.
Why did big cities in the United States become sites of manufacturing as well as finance and trade after the Civil War?
Steam engines allowed factory operators to move away from water-driven power.
Prior to the Civil War, most factories stood in towns that had formed along rivers with sufficient fall lines to power machinery. The steam engine allowed factories to go where the biggest labor pools were—the big cities.
By 1900, city reformers worked on altering urban landscapes as part of a movement given what name?
"City Beautiful"
For example, New York's Central Park was designed as a natural retreat from the industrial city, an innovation inspired by the "City Beautiful" movement. This vision of reformers was an attempt to mitigate the density, industrialization, and utilitarian nature of American cities.
How did the citizens of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, try to bring innovative reforms to their city around the turn of the nineteenth century?
By electing socialists to city government
Milwaukee's citizens elected socialist candidates who experimented with a sweeping array of measures, including publicly subsidized medical care and housing.
What was the ultimate basis for the cohesion of urban political machines?
Party loyalty
Urban political machines were held together by party loyalty, which they built by providing commercial and social services.
How did Henry Huntington expand the suburban ideal in southern California in the early twentieth century?
He used his family's fortune to buy up real estate and subdivide it into lots.
What was significant about the formation of the Women's Trade Union League [WTUL] in the early twentieth century?
Bridging of class lines
The WTUL, founded in New York in 1903 and financed by wealthy women, trained working-class leaders like Rose Schneiderman, who organized unions among garment workers. Although the trade-union women were often frustrated by the patronizing attitude of elite sponsors, they and their well-to-do allies joined together in the broader struggle for women's rights.
What did Florence Kelley hope to achieve through her leadership of the National Consumers' League [NCL]?
Worker protection
Kelley believed that only government oversight could protect exploited workers. Under her crusading leadership, the NCL became one of the most powerful progressive organizations advocating worker protection laws.
What accounted for the popularity of ragtime music in the United States in the 1890s?
Its decisive break with Victorian music
Ragtime had an infectious off-beat rhythm, which broke decisively with Victorian hymns and parlor songs.
How did electricity catalyze the construction of skyscrapers in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Elevators could now be incorporated.
Before electricity, elevators were rare and were generally powered by hand or animals. With electric passenger elevators, builders could construct upward without forcing patrons to trudge up flight after flight of stairs.
This image was taken from The Great War on White Slavery, published by the American Purity Foundation in 1911. Which of the following is the artist attempting to show?
White slavers took advantage of newly arrived women immigrants.
The boat in the background, the caption, and the lifeless expression on the girl's face suggest that the immigrant, who likely did not speak much English, was the ideal target of white slavers.
The dominance of private development in U.S. cities and the preference for business solutions to city needs are expressed in what concept?
The "private city"
In the United States, cities relied largely on private developers to build streetcar lines and provide urgently needed water, gas, and electricity. This preference for business solutions gave birth to what one urban historian calls the "private city"—a place shaped by individuals, all pursuing their own goals and bent on making money.
After running their Chicago settlement house for a few years, what did Jane Addams and her colleagues believe the working-class people they served needed?
The resources and political voice to improve their lives
Addams and her colleagues believed that the working class knew what it needed, and their settlement could help to provide the resources and political voice they needed to improve the conditions under which they lived.
Which statement assesses the early-twentieth-century crusade against prostitution in the United States?
The crusade pushed prostitution out of brothels and into the street.
The crusade against prostitution accomplished its main goal, closing brothels. But in the long term, it worsened the conditions for prostitutes since women now lost control of the trade and found themselves working as "streetwalkers" or "call girls." This made them more vulnerable to violence and led to lower earnings.
Immigrants to the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries occupied cheap housing near what institution?
Workplaces
Why is the Yellow Kid seen in this image historically significant?
His presence in newspapers coined the term yellow journalism.
The arrival of Sunday color comics featuring the "Yellow Kid" gave sensationalist publications like the New York World the name yellow journalism, a derogatory term for mass-market newspapers.
How did the city of Chicago address its sewage problem around the turn of the century?
It reversed the course of the Chicago River.
Chicago engaged in an ambitious sanitation project around the turn of the century, reversing the course of the Chicago River to carry sewage into Lake Michigan and away from city residents.
Which of the following bore primary responsibility for developing the infrastructure of late-nineteenth-century American cities?
Private enterprise
Which institution of progressivism offered a laboratory to experiment with solving social problems?
The settlement movement
What was the main feature of the "yellow journalism" of Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, and other newspaper publishers of the late nineteenth century?
sensational stories
What were the political machines that played such a vital role in late-nineteenth-century American cities?
Local party bureaucracies that controlled elected and appointed offices
Which city was the first to build an underground railroad line?
Boston
Which city suffered a terrible fire in 1871?
Chicago
The settlement houses that emerged in early-twentieth-century cities pioneered what new occupational field?
Social worker
What entrepreneur donated money that was used to found more than a thousand libraries across the United States?
Andrew Carnegie
To what does the term "private city" refer in historians' discussions of urban life in the United States in the late nineteenth century?
Urban areas shaped by individuals and profit-seeking businesses
Joseph Pulitzer worked in which industry in the late nineteenth century?
Newspaper
What was the Triangle factory fire?
A sweatshop fire that resulted in the deaths of nearly 150 people
What distinguished the new "vertical aesthetic" of the Chicago school in the late nineteenth century?
Designs that expressed rather than masked structure and function
Why were audiences at the Metropolitan Opera in New York shocked by an opera presented there in 1907?
The Metropolitan performed the sexually scandalous opera Salome.
What did the New York Tammany ward boss George Washington Plunkitt mean by "honest graft"?
Profiting from insider status
Which ethnic group was the largest in Boston in the late nineteenth century?
Irish
Why was the reform effort aimed at wiping out urban prostitution in the early twentieth century shortsighted?
It ignored the multiple factors that led women to prostitution.
How did adoption of steam power change manufacturing in the middle and late nineteenth century?
By vastly expanding scale
What impact did city politics have on immigrant communities in the United States in the late nineteenth century?
Integrated them into urban society
In what way was the power of city governments limited?
They were subject to state law
Which technological innovation transformed urban nightlife in the United States in the late nineteenth century?
Electric wiring
Who founded Hull House in 1889 in Chicago as part of the settlement movement?
Jane Addams
What was America's best-known amusement park around 1900?
Coney Island
Which of the following helped found symphony orchestras and opera companies in late-nineteenth-century American cities?
Elites
What allowed engineers and planners in the second half of the nineteenth century to develop a new urban geography in the United States?
New Technologies
Why were skyscrapers an impetus to urban development?
They made it possible to crowd more work and living space into a given area.
Why did journalist Upton Sinclair write his 1904 novel The Jungle?
To expose labor exploitation in Chicago's meatpacking plants
During the depression of the 1890s, what percentage of working-class Americans was unemployed?
up to 25 %
Why were women more vulnerable than men in the new system of dating that emerged in American cities around the turn of the nineteenth century?
They earned less than men, making them vulnerable to gifts in exchange for sex.
How did the development of outlying suburbs in the middle and late nineteenth century change the social structure of cities?
By separating well-off suburbanites from working-class urbanites
Why did music publishing agents spend so much time in urban beer gardens and dance halls in the United States after the 1890s?
To have their musicians test their songs on the audiences there
What was the purpose of the phenomenon that took shape in the United States in the late nineteenth century and came to be known as progressivism?
To combat the problems caused by industrialization and urbanization in the United States
Why was Margaret Sanger indicted for publishing her newspaper column "What Every Girl Should Know" in the 1910s?
Her frank discussion of birth control violated obscenity laws.
Which subculture emerged in American cities in the late nineteenth century and offered a dramatic challenge to Victorian ideals?
The gay community
Which of the following statements assesses the impact of New York's Tenement House Law of 1901 on the 44,000 tenements that existed at the time?
It failed to change older structures because reform was not profitable
What political boss made Tammany Hall a byword for corruption in the late nineteenth century?
William Marcy Tweed
To which political party did the American reform mayors of the early twentieth century belong?
NO particular party
How did reform-minded businessman Tom Johnson recapture the political support of Cleveland's working class in the early twentieth century?
He advocated public ownership of city utilities.
What city was struck by a violent hurricane in 1900, leading to a major reform of its city government structure?
Galveston, Texas
What innovation did Detroit mayor Hazen Pingree offer to address the problems of the depression of the 1890s?
Giving city lands for urban gardens
What form of government did the leaders of the National Municipal League advise cities in the United States to institute in the early twentieth century?
a city manager system
In the early 1900s, a baby born to a Slavic woman in an American city had what chance of dying in infancy?
1 in 3
What prompted urban reform movements in the 1890s?
Widespread suffering from the depression of that decade
In the late nineteenth century, many cities cut death rates from typhoid, yellow fever, and cholera by instituting what?
New sewage and drainage system
Why did most black men and women who migrated to the large cities of the North between 1880 and 1917 end up working in the service sector?
they were routinely rejected from other jobs
Why did audiences enjoy the vaudeville, an urban entertainment that emerged in the 1880s and 1890s?
the variety of entertainment types
Beginning in the 1850s and accelerating in the late nineteenth century, the spread of railroads in the United States spurred the growth of
suburbs
Working separately in the 1880s and 1890s, researcher Helen Campbell and photographer Jacob Riis both sought to call attention to what problem?
Miserable conditions in urban tenement housing.
Who were the "muckrakers" of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?
Journalists who promoted reform.
What was the key to the successful building of skyscrapers in American cities in the late nineteenth century?
An interior skeleton made of manufactured steel beams.
Which statement assesses the consequences of the Triangle fire in New York City in 1911?
The fire showed that only stronger laws could alleviate sweatshop conditions.
Why did New York State undertake serious workplace safety reforms after the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of 1911?
In response to public outrage
The social geography of the suburbs in the late nineteenth century was in large part determined by which of the following factors?
Class Structures
How did the early-twentieth-century campaign against prostitution affect prostitutes in many Americans cities at the time?
By closing brothels, new laws worsened many prostitutes' lives.
Where in the United States did the blues music popular in the 1910s originate?
Mississippi
What did New York State do in response to the public outrage expressed here over the Triangle fire tragedy?
Appointed a factory commission that developed labor reform
Congress passed the Mann Act in 1910 to achieve what purpose?
Prohibit the transportation of prostitutes across state lines
At the turn of the twentieth century, 90 percent of African Americans still lived in what region?
The South
In what type of buildings did New York City's poor immigrants generally make their homes?
tenements
Which act, passed by Congress in 1906, created an administration to regulate food and medical products?
the pure food an drug act
What was the main feature of the "yellow journalism" of Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, and other newspaper publishers of the late nineteenth century
sensational stories
Which Hull House volunteer became the first American woman to hold a U.S. cabinet post?
Frances Perkins
What new institution arose as a result of the work with children of Julia Lathrop, one of the workers at Chicago's Hull House?
The juvenile justic system
The nation's first electric trolley car system was built in which American city?
Richmond
Which institution was the first major art museum in the United States?
The Corcoran Gallery of Art
What does this image suggest about the extent to which the publication's readers shared urban white Americans' racial attitudes at the time?
The brutal depiction of whites massacring blacks reveals Parisians' abhorrence of white Americans' racism.