Describe the advantages of federalism Quizlet

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1. Social Science
2. Political Science
3. Public Policy

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Terms in this set [34]

What is federalism?

The system of shared powers between two or more levels of government
Lower level of government enjoys constitutional protection from national government
National government can compel action

What are the advantages of federalism?

1. It can protect ethnic, linguistic, or religious minorites
2. It provides a check against overly ambitious leaders
3. It allows subunits such as states to experiment with different policy programs
4. It gives citizens the chance to "vote with their feet" and choose which policy environment suits them best

What are the disadvantages of federalism?

1. it allow local governments to pursue different policies, citizens may receive systematically different treatments and benefits
2. Federalism slows the ability for the national government to redistribute resources from richer regions to poorer regions

*What does Volden say about states being like experimental labs?*

"Among the potential benefits of American federlism is the ability of states to serve as policy laboratories, adopting novel policies to address their needs, abandoning unsuccessful attempts and learning from the successses of similar states"

*Define policy diffusion*

Volden
"Diffusion occurs when one gov's decision about whether to adopt a policy innovation us influenced by previous choices by other governments"

policy adoptions can be interdependent, where a country or state observes what other countries or states have done and conditions its own policy decisions on these observations.

*What are the 5 hypotheses for explaining policy diffusion?*

1. Emulation of successes hypothesis
2. Seeking low-cost successes hypothesis
3. Administrators Emulating Successes hypothesis
4. Legislators Emulating Successes Hypothesis
5. Similar states Hypothesis

Emulation of successes hypothesis

States having policies that successfully accomplish goals are more likely to be emulated than those that do not

Seeking Low-Cost hypothesis

In order to avoid policy failure, states will especially rely on evidence of success when contracting their program spending

Administrators emulating success hypothesis

Because of their greater access to information, decisions by administrative agencies will rely heavily on evidence of success

Legislators emulating successes hypothesis

Because of their reelection considerations, decisions by legislators will rely heavily on evidence of successes

Similar States hypothesis

Based on competition and policy learning, states are more likely to emulate their geographic neighbors and those with similar political, demographic, and budgetary characteristics

*EXPLAIN CHIP*

CHIP stands for "Children's Health Insurance Program"
The federal government provided grants to states to provide insurance for children whose families did not qualify for medicaid, but below 200% of the FPL

*How much leeway did states have in implementing CHIP?*

THEY HAD A LOT OF LEEWAY
1. they could expand medicaid
2. they could create a whole new program
3. they could combine the two

*How large was the range of people that CHIP covered?*

133%-300% of FPL

*How did states differ in cost sharing?*

Monthly premiums or co payments

*What were the results? What hypothesis of policy diffusion did CHIP support?*

STRONG support for EMULATION of success

STRONG support for LOW COST hypothesis

LITTLE support for ADMINISTRATIVE hypothesis

SUPPORT for LEGISLATORS hypothesis

SUPPORT for SIMILAR STATES hypothesis

*When it comes to CHIP, what evidence was there of learning and updating?*

From 1998-2001, states made over 100 substantive changes to the implementation of this policy
SOUTH CAROLINA was the only one not to make a substantive change
FLORIDA made 7 CHANGES!

Under what conditions do policies passed at the local level become statewide policies?

Snowball Effect Hypothesis
Pressure Valve Effect Hypothesis

Snowball effect hypothesis

Adoption of local laws increases the likelihood of statewide adoption

Pressure Valve effect hypothesis

Adoption of local laws decreases likelihood of statewide adoption

What kind of effect is expected in PROFESSIONAL state legislatures?

A SNOWBALL EFFECT

What kind of effect is expected in NON PROFESSIONAL legislatures?

A PRESSURE VALVE EFFECT

What kind of policy is expected in STRONG interest groups?

SNOWBALL EFFECT

What kind of policy is expected in WEAK interest groups?

PRESSURE VALVE EFFECT

What is the state to state snowball effect?

adoption of laws in neighboring states increases likelihood that a state will adopt a similar policy

what is the federal government pressure valve and snowball effect?

If the federal government passes laws to treat the problem, states are less likely to adopt laws, if the federal gov provides incentives, states are more likely to adopt the policy

What is an example of the federal government pressure valve and snowball effect?

Smoking laws.
PROFESSIONAL LEGISLATURE and STRONG ADVOCACY groups helps vertical diffusion, both led to the SNOWBALL EFFECT.

What is a confederation?

System of shared powers between two or more levels of government where low level governments retain sovereignt
National gov CANNOT COMPEL ACTION

ex: US under the Articles of Confederation

What is a unitary system?

System under which all authority is held by a single, national government

What are three ways in which federal governments help solve collective action problems?

1. prevents states from going to war with each other
2. protects states from outside aggression
3. sets national standards for labor and environmental laws

What are the 4 responsibilities of the National Government?

1. National Defense
2. Currency
3. Tariffs and trade
4. Negotiate treaties

What are the 4 shared prerogatives of the national and state governments?

1. Social Welfare
2. Tax collection
3. Research and development
4. Business regulation

What are the 5 responsibilities of the state/local government?

1. Traffic regulation
2. K-12 education
3. Zoning
4. Marriage
5 Insurance regulation

How common is federalism?

Only 18 nations have a federal system [Less than 10%]
Most nations are unitary systems
Nations with a federal system take up 41% of the world's land mass
The larger and more diverse a nation the more likely it is to have a federal system.

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